by post, one group of men, i.e. with the prosecutor and two friends, without servants, not in arms, without a gun, ut supra under v»ina in the statute of loannis Alberti Petricoviae 1496'), also under guilt in new courts a) made. And these judges are to have such security that if, after being elected, a judge, both on the way and during this period, is to judge someone on two Sundays before the courts and on two Sundays after the courts, someone kills or injures someone, then such infamis shall be eo facto et bonorum eius medietas successoribus occisi tradi debet praemisso scrutinio. Also in other courts and offices, security is to be understood according to the statute, and enforcement should be included in everything. The office of old age iilius loci is to be praesens always in the event of loss of office, so that ex sententia et decreto iudicum, uti praemissum est, execution is made if anything is requested from anyone over the described order, which has already been done there without any lawsuit, one vigore huius confoederationis is to be tried, and the starosta negligens officio privi debit per idem iudicium, for which he the appeal is to proceed ad futura judicia. Therefore, the propter dignitatem et securilatem iilius iudicii either the starosta himself or his sub-starostas, where the staroste cannot be a propter legale impedimentum aliquod, must be praesens and must take an oath, but there must be no votum. The cities should also provide all assistance to the office against violent persons and those who would oppose this constitution, under the penalty of a thousand fines in eodem iudicio peremptorio exigenda, half of which is to go to the starosta and the other half to the court, which the court and the starosta peremptorie are to impose at the instance of the city office. The starost should distribute the inns according to the constitution of Anni 1565. And the townspeople cannot defend this under the penalty of a thousand fines in eodem iudicio per capitaneum peremptorie exigenda. 13. Times of judgments. And such judgments will begin when the years will be held according to the law of their times described, i.e. feria secunda proxima post dominicam Reminiscere, which they will have to judge without leaving. And to judge by the districts, beginning in the same way as the lords sentence five hundred fines to guilt, and the deputies a hundred fines; which faults are to be iudicio praesidente exigendae ut in eodem iudicio supra. The absence of any judge or two of them should not disturb these courts, but the absentee will have to swear either in these courts if he comes to them or in others that he could not come to them. However, everyone must declare this at the meeting of this court, and if he does not express his opinion, he loses his office and another one is to be chosen in his place. This also applies to deputies. There, the prosecutor or the party cannot correct his/her bond, he/she can only return it to the judge in its original form, dilute it and do not add anything new. 14. All decrees must prove their reasons in writing by writing them down and handing them over to the scribes for action, and no one who does not belong to this court is to be present at the time of citation. They should not accept any deliberations or postpone any deliberations from the register, and if they need deliberations, they must finish them by the third day at the latest. And yet there is negotiis reipublicae occupatis tantum dilacya; si vero actus est personalis, whom the prosecutor cannot dismiss, such a person suffering from a real disease has to have a dilation, which he has to prove by oath in the second court. The seal is to be with the text: Sigillum iudicii ordinarii generalis terrarum Russiae, above the insignia of this land. And the judges are to collect four groszy from these seals per extract. And this seal is to be kept next to the books and is not to be sealed only in praesentia iudicum. Land books are to be opened at these courts for extracting extracts and receiving records. And these books are to be kept in a separate box, somewhere and sealed. Such courts are to last until the ordinarium iudicium generale, from all Polish voivodeships in accordance with the articles decided at the election and sworn to. 15. About lawsuits before the court. When someone sues someone sive ciyiliter sive criminaliter to that court, and only in causis, which on siem et post curiam pertinebaut, non habebit terminum peremptorium, he has a lawsuit according to the statute in
*) Yol. 1. I. 272 vol. de annis ad domum iudicii non inferendis. a) Leo on new courts.