Xi their own name is the name of their father or perhaps their ancestor in general and they are called Romano, Lechnowiczowie; Hoszowcy Olizarowiczarai, Steciowicami or in another form: Stecowięta, Jaślsowięta, Jaclvo\vięta; but even this name was not sufficient where it happened several times in such families and several dozen nobles appeared before the kasti-lauer for a show; Therefore, nicknames, also characteristic ones, were added to patronymics. For example, the Czajkowskis are nicknamed Sło ninka, Trunko, Berynda, Zgałat; Hoszowski family: Korobczyk, Hołdysz, Nalewajko, Berehułka, Najdan, Polewodnik: Łozińscy; Gypsy, Dzieżka, Cheesecake; Witwicki; Tailor, Kostka, Sieczka, etc. And when adding a nickname seemed to be insufficient to distinguish these minor nobility by name, they also added where the person appearing on the show came from, whether from Łozina or Czajkowice, from Pletenice or from Uniów. Patronymous as well as nicknamed names are often of the Eastern type, as if to designate the people from whom they were acquired. For example, the Jaśnicki Moskalewicz family probably acquired a patronomical name from an ancestor who, perhaps in the Moscow case, was nicknamed Moskala. The Czajkowskis or Łozińskis, who were among the Zgałatowicz family or the Macedonian family, probably acquired this purely Eastern nickname while wandering, as Tatar prisoners sold to the Turks, or simply as Turkish prisoners. The names Miranicz and Hołdyaz also indicate the relations that the Polish people had with the eastern part and the diverse ethnographic element of which the borderland nobility consisted.
Entire villages of this poor nobility are, according to the apt words of one of the instructions of the assembly at these great schools, engaged in knights' school, because in the era of Smolensk and Khotyn they were often called to arms, and the sons or grandsons of those who showed off with a stick or a bird's gun, put them in armor and on horseback, and sometimes as swordsmen, the sub-tarosts stood in the front ranks, either during parades or during popular militia.
Well, even these events, even though their purpose was clearly expressed in the resolution, became a field of experience for the nobility in order to expand the life of the assemblies. And so we know that on the basis of the resolution of the sejmik, the election of deputies to the hood courts took place at the assembly in 1587 i). During the celebration of the port of Sanok in 1414, the gathered nobility protested against the collections passed at the Sejm, expressing the beliefs of the entire land 2j. From the universal of the voivode of Kusia of November 7, 1C15, we learn how, at the demonstrations near Halych, the nobility there formed an association against the wanton mobs 3), in short, and at these armed gatherings the nobility began to reveal their will and express it in ordinances held by the landed nobility in general. The King and the Sejm moderate these aspirations, which are inconsistent with the spirit of the constitution and the purpose of the demonstrations. This conclusion follows from the parliamentary resolution of 1618, which clearly alluded to the above-mentioned
') No. 38. 'j No. 96. ') No. 102.
XII
The protest of the inhabitants of Sanok states that "the king allows the king to respond to the requests of the inhabitants of Sanok, but with the condition that, as the older and more recent constitutions stipulate, the knights should not engage in any consultations or deliberation.
The most outstanding symptom of these aspirations towards expanding the Bejmik "consultations" were the confederations, which should also be considered the greatest source and the most important basis for the growth of parliamentary life. As you can easily see from this publication, during the period covered by it, there were a total of nine confederations in the Ruthenian Voivodeship alone; of these six were established during the interregnum, namely in 1572 in Glinany, then in 1574 and 1575 in Wiśnia; in 1587 in Lviv, and finally, after a double election, two more confederations were established, one in Rzeszów on December 2, 1587, and the other in Lviv on January 13, 1588. All these confederations are voivodeship, and the first one, Gliniańska, has an even more extensive significance, as it covers two voivodeships: Ruthenian and Podolia, and that It was carried out in the presence of envoys from Volhynia and Belz, so its significance reaches far beyond the provincial borders.