This conclusion also follows from the comparison of the Usta and the dignity of the electors, that a well-executed legation or marshalship serves the electors as a step in advancing in the official hierarchy, and moreover, anyone who wanted to take a more prominent position in the Republic of Poland, even if he were from a princely family, as we have examples of in the case of the Wisniowiecki family, had to complete an apprenticeship at the sejmiks, and at least make a name for himself in one land, in one voivodeship, and provide proof of deep knowledge of the interests of the landed gentry. And although the electors were supposed to defend the interests of the landowning class first of all, it cannot be denied to the electors this democratic, entire Republic of the nobility to one level, leveling the spirit of freedom, which did not want to see in this committee neither an original legist, nor a great statesman, nor an excellent and distinguished member of the Sejm, but only and only an organ of the spirit and aspirations of the land, whoever the elector was by his family or by his dignity. It is true that this tendency contained the error of one-sidedness and particularism, but at the end of the Sejm era we see changes here, too, we see electors from the party striving for land reforms of the Polish Republic, and the electors at the end of the Sejm era look much more broadly and reach beyond the interests of the state than at the end of the 16th century.
While the historian finds in the Länder such rich material for the history of an important and distinguished local council, the history of the entire borderland province or the families that have been active there for two centuries, a legal scholar will also find here no less valuable material for legal institutions, whether private law, criminal law or legal proceedings. In addition to this diverse legal material, there are lauds of whole series of monuments relating to the organization of the hood court and even important monuments of particular courts, we will only mention the laudum of the Sanok landowners against the robbers 1). Just take a look to the subject index to see that, just like parliamentary resolutions, instructions or resolutions of assemblies, which constitute the basis for parliamentary resolutions, also contain important, sometimes unique material for the researcher of the history of native law.
LAUDA
General Assembly of Wiszen
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
in Jarfowcn, July 13, 1573. The voivode of the Republic of Poland summons the Sanok landowners to Gliniany on July 31.
Gerzy Jazłowieeki from Buczacz, voivode of the Russian lands, crown hetman of Lubaczewski, Śnialyński, Czerwonogród, etc. starosta, born in Mr. to the castellans, starostas and other officials of all nobles and knights of the Russian Voivodeship of the Sanok Land, my brothers, I wish you good health and all good things from God for a long time to come. Because the Lord God almighty has deigned to orphan us as our lord, that He deigned to take him from this world, during whose reign the Crown flourished, and now the Lord God has deigned to see through us, that He has left us in this orphanhood, that we have almost no offspring left, with a heart of sorrow and tears calling for the death of our last lord, as well as looking at all the dangers from almost all sides, and especially at our countries, in what danger they are from the enemy, these Turkish Tatar troops are very close to the border of the Wallachian Voivodeship, about which there is no decision. And since I feel in myself both my kinship and my oath to all the Crown and my homeland, I am announcing this to you as the voivode of the Russian land, feeling what we all deserve, that I cannot find anything better for this time, only that in my place in my place on the day described below, they would deign to come together and be ready to come to their homes well. providing that we may be all the more fierce and ready to resist the enemy. And I, too, will not fail to be there for this time, people of chivalry and Ukraine, having decided on my own, and having gathered together there, we will all ask the Lord Almighty God with humble hearts to give us His Holy Spirit out of His mercy, so that we can all decide about ourselves in this time, and what the Lord Almighty God will deign to teach us, we will see and act. And yes, please, WM pp. and my brothers of all the knights of this land, so that they would deign to be ad diem ultimam lulii among the Glinians and Gołogóra, if only I could be there sooner, because it is uninhabited, but I will try to leave something alone for a while, just so that it will not be announced to the enemy, and then, Lord God, let me see everyone in good health. Given in Jazłowiec die XII Julia anno 1572. The same as above with my own hand.