') See note 12.
■) Ivsiąż Mircza the Old (in Romanian: <WHps-k m(a K-KTpAH=:Mircea cel Batrin) reigned according to Engel, Geschichte d. ungr. Reiches u. seiner Nebenlander, Halle, 1804, IV. 1. 156., from 1383-1410; and according to the chronicles published by Laurianu and Balecescu (Ob. published by them Magazinul istoric pentru Dacia, BucurescI, 1845-47, vol. I. pag. 95-97 et vol. IV. p, 233) from 1383-1412.
') This document, previously printed only once in the Ilażdeua Archive (Archiva istorica a Romanie!, CoUectiune critic.i de documente assupra trecutului romanu etc, BucurescI, 1865) vol. I. pages 3-4, is written on parchment, 39 centimeters high and 37 centimeters wide. The parchment is relatively very thin but strong; diagonal form of letters, typical of documents dating from the end of the 14th century; a seal pressed on red wax, suspended on a twisted silk cord with a coat of arms representing a raven (one of the best works on this subject is Seivert's treatise in Ungrisches Magazin, Pressburg 1781, vol. I. 3. 366., and Engel's op. c. IV. 1. 41.) with wings folded lengthwise and with a head facing left ff towards the ridge above which the cross, star and first quarter moon are placed. Cyrillic letters A\ are embossed on the four sides of the coat of arms. P. M. fi., probably meaning the name: A\[l]PMn. Around the shield there is a Latin inscription: f S. MIRCHE VOIVODE TRANSALPINI BANI SEYERINIENSIS DYCIS DE FVGARVS ET (cetera). In the word Sevenniensis, the letters ni are significantly damaged, it could also be read: seoerimensis. (This inscription was read by Dr. Fr. Piekosiński).
*) Letters and even whole syllables, which are enclosed in rectangular braces, are not in the original itself, but were added by the publisher (in this and all subsequent documents) in order, firstly, to avoid the typical Old Russian spelling and abbreviations of the text which are difficult to read and print, and secondly, to fill the gaps that occurred as a result of the spelling and stylistic carelessness of the writers of that time.
*) Hażdeu, Archiva istorica l. c., translates this passage literally as follows: Eii Jonne Mircea, marę voevodu i^i domnu a tóta terra ungro-romana ąi alla partiloru de peste munti — and obviously derives the adjective 3<\n/\aHHNCKkiiu['k] from the word n/\aHHHa = Polish połonina, plural połoniny = mountains. Strictly speaking, we should actually translate this passage literally as well: I, M., voivode and lord of all the Hungarian-Wallachian land and its trans-połonina possessions, etc. Considering, however, that the połoninas mentioned here are in fact (See, among others, the relevant remarks of Venelin, in his Bjiaxo-6o.irapcKiH, hjh ^aKO-ojiaBflHCKis rpasiaTŁi, St. Petersburg, 1840, pp. 20—21, as well as the remarks of Daničić in his Pje^iHnK-u H3 KHbH2ceBHnx cTapHHE cpiicKnx, BnorpaA 1863 — 64, vol. I. 309, etc.) nothing else but the so-called Transylvanian Alps, we gave preference to this more established and somewhat more understandable expression and called the 3an<\aHHHCK'i'/A cTpaHhi belonging to the Muntenian hospodars not trans-połonina, but transalpine possessions = regiones transalpinae. We mention, however, that the word transalpine, transalpinus, had in Romanian diplomacy yet another, completely different from the above and somewhat broader meaning. In Latin documents, even those issued (See, e.g., the documents published in Dogiel's Codex diplom. I. 597 sqq., or even just the document included in the present edition under No. *III) by the Muntenian princes themselves, the word transalpinus was understood to mean not only the Muntenian possessions in Hungary (Făgăraș, Amlaș, and others) but rather the Muntenian possessions as such, that is, the possessions of the Muntenian princes in general. This means, in other words, that when issuing documents in Latin, the Muntenian princes simply adapted to the perspective of Hungarian and Polish writers, and together with them called their lands a country lying not on this, but on the other side of the Transylvanian Carpathians, and themselves not duces cisalpini, but duces transalpini = transalpine voivodes. And that Planina, połonina, actually meant the entire Transylvanian Carpathian range, more or less up to the headwaters of the Bistrița (a tributary of the Siret) and the Tisza, we can conclude, among other things, from the fact that the Moldavian princes — please compare, for example, the document of the Moldavian prince Roman from 1392 (in Hażdeu's Archive I. 18) — also called themselves voivodes ruling over the entire Moldavian land, from the Planina to the sea: BOCBOAa OBAaĄa.ft 3(<U/i(io <uo/\ĄaB'KCKOio, oti^ IlAaHHHki ąo MopA.