But despite this numerous and all too clear evidence, it has become the custom among newer Polish writers to consider Moldavia and Multany as synonyms, and to denote the southern parts of the Romanian country - in imitation of the nomenclature used by German writers - to substitute the words Wallachia =:niera. Wallachian and Wallachian:= niera. Walachisch. Even people of such scientific seriousness as Adam Naruszewicz '-) and Fr. Wyrwicz '^) were unable to resist this deviation and caused that in our times, when the traditions connecting Poland with Moldavia and the Multans were almost completely forgotten, following their example, what, as we have proven above, meant two different concepts that were completely incompatible with each other in terms of topography and politics. But it doesn't end there; identifying Multany with Moldavia and, instead of the word "Multany", putting the words: Wallachia, Wallachia, or the Wallachian country - these men and their followers did not realize that by this substitution, or by imitating the nomenclature used by German writers, they had also fallen into another mistake, and, according to the circumstances, no less than the previous one. The mistake lies in the words: Wallachia, Wallachia, Wallachia. Wallachian in the language of the Slavs meant not only
') He says in the place indicated: "Today, this part of Volosha, which touches the Transylvanian land, is the land of Multa."
'") They are published in the Writings of Józet Count Dunin Borkowski, Lviv, 1856, on pages 239 - 268. *
") Ibid., on pp. 269-273.
■ ") Historia Chodkiewicza, Warszawa, 1781, II, page 278: The Voloshchyna is divided into two parts, both of which touch the Transylvanian land to the south, the Danube to the west, and the Transylvanian land to the west. Its northern part, which extends towards the Dniester and the borders of Poland, is named after the Multan land or Moldavia; the other part beyond the mountains, to the east, striving towards the ancient by its surname it is called Walachia or Wallachia; although Poles also commonly call the part closer to their borders Wallachia.
") Geography. Vilnius, 1794, page 267: The Wallachian land borders with Moldova, Transylvania and touches the Danube.
the southern '*) but always and everywhere both '*) halves of the country inhabited by the Vlachs; that since ancient times these words have had not so much a political but a national-ethnographic meaning; that they expressed in one word what we now say with the words: Rumunija, Romanii, Romanian. And that this was and is in fact the case is testified first of all by the Russian people in Bukovina, who (and it is known that the Russian people are too conservative in their ideas) call their neighbors, whether Moldovans, Bessarabs, or Multans - in one word, all those who speak Romanian - as before and today as Vlachs'), their faiths the Vlach faith, their languages Moldavian or also Wallachian language. The same is also confirmed by the Italian Bonfinio, who, as we heard above, apart from Multan Wallachia (Yalachia Montana), clearly knows another Wallachia, which is commonly called Moldavia: Altera vero Yalachia, quae Moldavia dicitur, etc. This is also supported by Marcia Kromer *®); Marcin (or Joachim) Bielski and other above-mentioned writers also speak: making it clear that not only Multany, but indeed Moldova was called Wallachia in the general public. This way of understanding is supported by Gwagnin (or Maciej Stryjkowski, who, as we know, was the author of the Description of Sarmatia), when 1. c. pag. 641 claims that the Vlach nation (i.e. all Moldavians, Multans, etc.) was named Wallachia after strangers from Italy; the learned Petrycy also speaks further when in Politics of Aristotle, Kraków 1G05, p. 201, mentions among other things that "in Lviv, when Greeks or Vlachs (and it is known that mostly only Moldavians came to Lviv) come, they have a certain translator and assistant over them"; they then say: Yolumina legum *®j when they decide about villages based on Wallachian law; speaks -") and finally Maciej
") To denote the region of southern Wallachia, it was used starting from the 14th century (and perhaps even earlier) in Greek documents, once OvYyQo-^Xa/Ja, and in Slavic documents Oyrpo-B.iaxia, Wggro-wa- Jachia. But it was in this addition of the word "Hungary-" that the whole essence of the matter lies. By this, the Multan princes expressed, on the one hand, their rights to the estates they had in Hungary, and, on the other, their difference from the Moldavian hospodars, who were also Wallachian princes. And nowhere, or at least nowhere in the documents known to me so far, have I found a place where the Multan princes directly called themselves Wallachian hospodars and their country Wallachia or Valaohia.