In Christ God orthodox, God-fearing and merciful anointed of God and autocrat, Io. Wład voivode. By the grace of God and by the benevolent decree of God Himself, being the ruler and lord of the entire Hungaro-Wallachian land, all the way to the great sea, being moreover the ruler of the Hungarian possessions belonging to it, and especially the duke of Omłasz and Fogarasz, I deemed it appropriate to show [to the Lviv merchants, etc.] my benevolent intentions and my pure and enlightened heart, and I granted them this venerable and valid chrysobull, which is dearer to me than all honors and gifts. And I did this mostly because of the request submitted to me by my friends, the burghers of Krakow, named Marcin Chmil and Stanisław Dziwny, who were at that time burghers in Lviv. And I have issued them this venerable letter of My Majesty along with my guarantee and promise, and I make it known to all merchants and to every man, whoever would wish to come to us from the entire Lach land, namely from Krakow and from Lviv, as well as from other cities, and from the Ruthenian and Moldavian lands, that every man and every merchant, whoever shall see this letter of My Majesty or hear it being read, and whoever would wish to come to us with any goods or wares, that every man may come to the state of My Majesty peacefully, may sell whatever he has with him, and buy whatever he wishes, and return peacefully and freely, fearing nothing. And for the toll, every man shall pay in Rybnik [currently Rymnik, in Romanian Râmnicu, a town in the Vâlcea county, on the Olt river] two Hungarian florins per wagon, and in other places the rightful toll according to what other people pay there, and then let him trade freely. And in case any of you should wish to go to the Turkish land, he may do so with the same peace as with us and with the same freedom as with us, having paid only the legally established (border) toll. And all this I have inscribed for you, merchants [of Lviv, etc.], for eternal times and inviolably until the end of My Majesty's life. And after my death, and as long as the lives of my sons, Mircza, Wład, and Raduł, shall last, this inscription is to be preserved also with the same reliability as hitherto and the same honesty as during my time. And even in the event that it should please the Lord God to choose another ruler for the Wallachian land — assuming even that for our sins the ruler of the Wallachian land should be some foreigner — then even then this chrysobull, such is our wish, is to retain its hitherto value. For whoever of my successors shall honor, renew, and confirm this present chrysobull, may God also exalt him and establish him in his reign; and whoever shall violate and defile it, or disobey this present chrysobull, may God humble him and put him to shame in his reign, and may He kill his body here, and in the future age kill his soul as well, and may he be cursed by Christ and our Savior and by the 318 holy and God-fearing holy fathers of the Council of Nicaea, and may he have fellowship with Judas and with Arius and with those other wicked men who said to Christ our God and Savior that His blood should fall upon them and upon their children, which also is and shall be forever, amen. And for all this that is written above, the faith and soul of My Majesty; as well as the faith and soul of the sons of My Majesty; the faith of jupan Tudor; the faith of jupan Tatuł, the great dvornik; the faith of jupan Nanuł; the faith of jupan Wojko; the faith of jupan Mania Udryszcz and his brother Stojko; the faith of jupan Jarczuł; the faith of jupan Raduł, son of Borcza; the faith of jupan Stanczuł Chonoa; the faith of Szczepan, the logothete; the faith of Dymitr, the spatar; the faith of Szerban, the vistiary; the faith of Semen, the stolnik; the faith of Mikła, the pacharnik; and the faith of Bada, the komis. And for the even greater confirmation of all this, we have ordered our faithful scribe Michał to issue this letter and our seal.
large, hang '*) to it. Given in Argishów and written in Targowica, in the month of September, on the 8th day, in the summer of 6948. Jo. WJad. voivode [and] by the grace of God hospodar.
') Prince Vlad reigned according to the chronicles in Magazinia istoricu peiitru Dacia, vol. I. 90-103, and vol. IV. 234. (On the value of these chronicles refer to Roesler's attention in his Roniiin. Studien, pp. 2(i4-'269 sqq.) from the year 1427-1445; according to Engel, op. c. IV. 1. 167 only from the year 1431 - 144.5, and according to Sincai, Cronica Roniinilor. I?I 1852, also from 1431 to 1445.
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]