') Jacob Delagardie was born in June 1 588 (Pieger's Bpiiegs. Bekhis. VI, 926; Bisiiop. dépög. De Bio^gareie ei D'isioige, para Begogu ei Baobieie, II, p. 1518), and not in 1580, as stated in Rodosl. kya book. P. Dolgorukova (Sh, 91). In this case, Dolin’s testimony is that in 1609 - 10. Delagardie was 27 years old - quite correctly (Ist. Swedish state. Olof Dalin, part III, vol. II, 796). From his father, Yakov Delagardi inherited the title of Baron of Kolka and Runza (Genealogy Dolgor., 90; cf. Petreya Ist. Moscow princes. 9); and in 1615, for his exploits, he was elevated to the dignity of count by King Gustavus Adolphus (in Petrei he is called Count of Lech) - this was the only award for the entire reign of Gustavus Adolphus. The highest praise for Delagardie's military talent is that under the leadership of him and Evert Horn - the two best commanders of the north * - Gustavus Adolphus himself was formed (Schlosser, World History, XIV, 164, 173 - 174). Jacob Delagardie held the positions of: Reichsrat, State Marshal, President of the Military College and Governor-General of Livonia and Estland, and after the death of Gustavus Adolphus he was among the state guardians during the infancy of Queen Christina. He was married to Eva Brahe, daughter of Count Magnus Brahe. One of their sons, Magnus Gabriel Delagardi, participated in the meeting of the Swedish ambassador at the Oliwa Congress and was a state magistrate, a member of the governing council during the childhood of Charles XII and the director general of justice of the Kingdom of Sweden. Count Jacob Delagardie died on August 12, 1652 (Dolgorukov, Rodosl. III, 91, Dalin, 659 and Berguy et Baobeie, 1518). After the capture of Novgorod, he took great wealth to Sweden, with which he built magnificent chambers in Stockholm, and a castle near it (Kernel of Russia. Ist. Mankiev, 364 et seq.).
Skopin was in a hurry to speak. Indeed, an advance detachment of Swedish (Gorn) and Russian troops (Chulkov and Golovin) soon moved against Kernozitsky, who was stationed in Staraya Rus (Avry Exped. II, 226). He was forced out of there, and then near the village of Kamenki the united troops inflicted a final defeat on him (May 5. Vvdek. 68; Nikon. let. 118). This significantly contributed to the subordination of the northern cities to Moscow. However, the main army set out from Novgorod only on May 10 (gram. Ts. Vasily Skopin. Reading. Moscow. General History. 1847, year 3, II, mixture, 11), and Skopin could take with him barely 3,000 people. (Videk. 89); but Russian forces constantly increased along the way, thanks to the fall of the cities from the Tushino Darik; only Pskov still persisted’). Even before the arrival of the Swedes, Skopin established relations with northern cities for help against the Tushins and Poles; Now these mutual relations between cities are becoming stronger and stronger and, thanks to the success of the allied army, are contributing to the very unification of Russia 2). Thus, the besieged king already looked at Skopin as the savior of the throne itself, calling on him to rush to the rescue and promising him great favors (gram. dated June 2, 1609, ii.).
We will not follow all the transitions and changes in the fate of the allied army, but will limit ourselves only to the most important features of its actions on the way to Moscow. But before we talk about this, we consider it necessary to make one significant reservation in the interests of historical impartiality. Even at the beginning of Shuisky’s reign, when the general disintegration of the regions was revealed, in order to keep eastern Ukraine in subjection, boyars were sent to Astrakhan. Fed. Iv. Sheremetev. He successfully acted there against hostile gangs and, before Skopin began his offensive movement, Sheremetev had already managed to unite the forces of the lower cities and firmly establish himself in Nizhny Novgorod. His success had a tremendous impact on the restoration of morale
') Zome and the prince acted there. Meshchersky.
*) Correspondence about this in the Act. Expedition II, gg. 1608 and 1609. Skopin’s relations with the northern cities are described in detail in the tale of the Poles’ invasion of Ustyuzhna Zhelezopolskaya. Ru s. Historical Library II, 793 - 804.
YASH MIKHAIL VASILIEVICH SKOSHN-PP'YSKIY.