finally, they used tools made from fragments of flint, finished quite carefully; in the point made of red iron ore, perhaps, one can find an indication of the beginning of that turn in Stone Age products, as a result of which flint was replaced by softer types of stone, which made it possible to produce more convenient and elegant tools by polishing and drilling fragments of softer types of stone.
Having outlined the fact that presented itself to me, I have no doubt that the study of other caves, especially those of them that were not subjected to random excavation, will make it possible to understand much more accurately the life of the people who inhabited them and will provide much more data for a comprehensive determination of the degree of culture of the primitive inhabitants of the Dnipro River.
Another, remarkable archaeologically, find dates back to a much later time. This find was made completely by accident in the Flat part of the city of Kyiv, in the vicinity of the Jordan Church'), in the estate of the city of Marra. This estate occupies an entire block, bounded by Kirillovskaya Street. Bogoslovsky and Jordan lanes, the rear part of it adjoins the steep hill on which the Lukyanovsky quarter is located and at the foot of which, at the very edge of the estate of the city of Marra, there are the ruins of some ancient church building (according to the assumption of the Theological Monastery). Mr. Marr planned a significant part of the area of his estate this year for the proposed construction of an extensive building. During the planning, the brick foundations of a vast house were exposed, destroyed by fire, as evidenced by the burnt ends of the logs; This house, probably a bourgeois or monastery house, burned down in the HIP or XVIII century.
1) - The vicinity of the Jordan Church in antiquity (in the 9th–11th centuries) probably constituted the center in which the commercial activity of the city was concentrated; all the large hoards of Samanid coins were found in this area; right there, in the neighboring estate (of the Brewery Partnership), in 1870, a huge ossuary was discovered, containing about 4,000 skeletons.
anniversary: in its collapsed cellar a lot of glassware of all kinds of shapes and sizes was found, and among it was one silver coin - a Prussian silver shell with the name of the Brandenburg Elector Georg Wilhelm (1619 - 1640); then several iron objects: a pickaxe, a lock, chains, a knife, etc., and finally, in the corner, a silver-plated metal plate, the size of one-eighth of a sheet of paper; on the board is carved an image of a rectangular cross standing on three steps and entwined with a crown of thorns; On one side of the cross, a spear is installed in the lower step, around which a snake is entwined; on the other side, of the same length, is a stem with a flower. The cross has an inscription in four lines: ІНЦІ - КГГ, and at its foot there is an image of “Adam’s head”. There were three holes on all four corners of the tablet, and in one corner the end of a chain was threaded through them. The open foundations of the building and the objects found in them would not have been of particular interest in themselves, but upon further planning of the area it turned out that this building, built (judging by the coin) no later than the first half of the 17th century, covered with itself traces of a much more distant antiquity. At the level with the base of the foundations and at a slight distance from them, 4 mogplas from pagan times were found; the house was apparently built on the site of an old pagan cemetery and many graves were probably destroyed to build its foundations. Of the four Nogilas that have survived to this day, one, lying at the northwestern corner of the building, contained only one skeleton, placed in a wooden coffin; There were no things with him. Three other graves were located along the eastern wall of the old building. In one of the fibulas lay a skeleton and with it were the following things: two brooches, which served to fasten the basket on the shoulder; These oval brooches, convex on the upper surface, consisted of two superimposed silver gilded plaques, with a very elegant pattern cut out; on the concave part of the entrance there was a clasp consisting of a bronze pin and the same loop; similar brooches, completely similar in shape and ornamental design, were found in Scandinavian graves in Sweden]) and in the tombs of Merovingian times in France. For-