In another grave was found a vessel made of white clay, 6*14 inches high, decorated at the rim with a curvilinear ornament and made on a potter's wheel; This vessel contained burnt human bones. The third grave contained human bones along with horse bones; The following were found on them: a) a large double-edged sword with a heavy brand; similar swords on-
These brooches relate to the last period of the Iron Age of the prehistoric era, i.e. to the 8th - 11th centuries.
N Kyiv 253
there were walkers throughout the entire territory of ancient Rus': in Kyiv, Chernihiv, Smolensk, Rostov, etc., as well as in tombs in Western Europe: in France, Germany, Scandinavia, etc., dating back to the first half of the medieval period. These swords were a characteristic feature of the weapons of the Kyiv Polyana, as can be seen from the evidence of the original Kyiv Chronicle *); In addition to the sword, the same skeleton had: the upper part of an iron cone, two iron stirrups, 8 iron arrowheads, a bronze belt buckle with a silver notch, an iron spear tip and an iron axe. The horse's skull was crushed by a large round stone that was embedded in its fragments2).
In the estate of Mr. Leskov, on the corner of Vladimirskaya Street and Desyatinny Lane, close to the Tithe Church, during the laying of the foundation of the house, a treasure was found, a significant part of which was, however, carried away by the workers; This treasure was placed in two vessels: in one of them, clay, there were 14 silver, hexagonal hryvnias of the Kyiv type; in another, copper, were found: two long silver chains consisting of thin, curved rings, several silver and gold earrings, of a known type with three fixed spikes on a thick wire, a gold ring, a gold medallion 3) and two gold necklaces: one
*) "Deciding to Kozari (Polyana): pay us tribute. The Polyana thought, and out of the smoke the sword; and carrying Kozari to his prince and to the elders, and deciding to them: behold, the tribute to the new one. They decided to them: where from? They decided to them: "in the forest, on the mountains above the river Dnipro*. They are the same: “what is the essence in the distance”? They showed the sword. And he decided to Elder Kozarstia: “It’s not a good tribute to the prince! We are seeking the weapons of one country, reversing sabers, these weapons are double-edged, reversing swords; this and that dregs impose tribute on us and on other countries.” Ipat. years. page 9.
*) Information about the location of the tombs and the position of things in them was carefully noted and was certainly communicated to me by Mr. Marr, who donated many of the things found to the museum of the University of St. Vladimir.
*) For reasons beyond my control, I could not inspect everything
V. B ANTONOVICH,
one of them consists of alternately strung longitudinal gold beads and gold plaques in the shape of three-petal lilies, the other consisted of gold circles, the size of fifty dollars, with grooves in the form of grooves at the edges of the circle and along the diameter; These depressions were filled with rows of small pearls.
Almost at the same time as the previous treasure (in April), another treasure was found in old Kyiv, along Zhitomirskaya Street, in the estate of Tchaikovsky. This treasure consisted of the following things: 1) a silver bracelet made of thick silver double wire twisted into a spiral; the ends of the bracelet were cruciform rivets; 2) several gold and silver earrings, consisting of thick wires with three spikes; 3) two silver medallions with ears; one of them is covered with arabesques made by niello; both sides of the other were silver plaques covered with enamel, depicting on one side two sitting birds and a palm tree in the middle, on the other a bird sitting to the right, with its head turned back, and behind it a tree leaf; 4) all of the listed things were found placed in a large silver bowl (the diameter of its hole = 19 centimeters). The inner surface of the bowl was covered with a beautiful rosette in the Moorish style, and on the outer surface there was the following Latin inscription in one line at the rim: -|-Esio. teshog-^ii gebsia. iep?ege ogo raoregia ').
Among the random finds are very rich antiquities found in March of this year, in the vicinity of Cape Smela,
things that were part of the treasure, including a medallion, on which, according to the owner, there was some kind of image made in enamel.
') I did not have the opportunity to examine the objects found in this treasure, and in describing them I used drawings drawn up by the architect Mykolaiv, who was sure to communicate them to me.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS I EXCAVATIONS IN Kyiv GOV. 1876 255