Report on a trip to Belogorodka with archaeological purpose. — V. B. Antonovich. 302 - 303
Social system of southern Rus' in the XIII - XIV centuries. - N.P.
Information about current historical and archaeological literature ratio. - A. A. Kotlyarevsky.... 304 - 305, 307 - 308 About the works of A. N. Popov. - A. A Kotlyarevsky.. 308 - 310 Appendix. — Testimony of Abbot Theodosius Vaskovsky about the situation of the Kyiv townspeople before Bogdan Khmelnitsky. 311 - 314 Composition of the Historical Society of Nestor the Chronicler in 1873-77.
About Latin preachers in Kievan Rus' in the 10th and 11th centuries.
“I have received a crown from Rome... Volodymer said to the crowns: “Here again, because our fathers did not accept this essence.” Undisputed.
In the first centuries of our era, Christianity was spread by the preaching of private individuals and purely moral acts. Private and partly local shadow churches, using exclusively moral means, spread Christianity among the barbarians and in Europe when Christianity became dominant within the Roman Empire. With this method of spread, Christianity gained in the internal strength of conviction of believers, but lost in numbers. Since the 8th century in the West and from the 9th century in the East, this method of Christian mission has changed: Christianity is now spreading mainly through political means, with the assistance of the state, with the help, of course, of the leaders and means of the church. With Christianity, one faith, one moral law, the same worldview, the same morals and institutions were established. Christian states call upon the importance of such unification of the surrounding barbarians and take care of converting them to Christianity. And the barbarian peoples, especially their rulers, for their part see in Christianity a necessary condition for “extinguishing into the family of European nations,” and go towards the civilizing influence of Christian states. Spreading through the state, injecting from above, penetrating into the masses through
In the wake of the enlightened despotism of governments, Christianity was accepted externally, formally, and did not penetrate into the depths of consciousness: but it immediately acquired entire national units and the entire social structure of the newly converted people was subject to its influence.
When this new order arose in the spread of Christian civilization, Europe was divided into two areas of state-civilizing activity. The center of the first was Rome and the Frankish kingdom (then the empire). Even from the first Karayaings, the Frankish kingdom began to carry out Christian civilization through state influence and little by little, as much as by force of arms, as well as by means of the church, it united the scattered tribes of the Germanic race into the solid organism of the empire of Charlemagne. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the same policy of conquest and Christian enlightenment of neighboring peoples spread the influence of the empire further to the east - in Denmark, among the northwestern Slavs, partly in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary. The practical genius of the Romano-Germanic world most closely unites state policy with church policy and with unflagging energy carries out Christianity wherever the political relations of the empire penetrate. - Another center of Christian civilization lay in Byzantium. And from here, although to a weaker extent, Christianity has been spreading through the state since the 9th century. Due to the comparative weakness of the state body of Byzantium, the different position of the church and clergy and the large tribal differences of the peoples surrounding Byzantium, its circle of influence was narrower; nevertheless, in a similar state way, Bulgaria, Serbia, Moravia, and partly then Hungary received Christianity from Byzantium. The intermediate points between the western and eastern regions are influenced by Christianity from both sides, and, as a result of the difference in the character of the Eastern and Western churches, in these points there is a more or less prolonged struggle between the principles of the East and the West.
By inevitable necessity, all European peoples sooner or later had to accept Christianity. It is not too early and not too late, but at a time determined by the historical destinies of Providence, the time of Christian enlightenment has come for our ancestors. Where should Rus' have adopted Christianity from? It was not directly associated with either the Byzantine or Western empires. Byzantium
ABOUT LATIN PGOPEDMNAIHS IN SHVVSKAYA Rus'. A