') For agreements, see Collection. state gram. and Great Danes. II,.V 188-193..
*) There is reason to believe that the reason for the Swedes' refusal near Tver was Skopin's order to lift the siege of the city. "The Germans," says the chronicler, "wanted to assault the city. Prince Mykh. Vasyliovych took pity on the people, and did not order them to assault the city, but he himself went to Horodnia, and the German people, becoming angry, turned back and went to Novgorod." (Chron. on the Rebellion, 162; Nikon. 120). Not receiving money, the mercenary troops of course thought to profit from robbery, but Skopin took pity on his own. On the way from near Tver, the Swedish soldiers rewarded themselves for everything: even the wives and daughters of the peasants were at their complete disposal (Brereton. Newes of the present miser. of Russia, 1614, 87; Kostomarov, II, 265).
*".!
PRINCE MICHAEL nmyiyvnp OKOIN-SHUISKY.
...repel attacks. Skopin wrote to De la Gardie that without the help of the young commander he could not have kept in order and in obedience the multitude of warriors gathered from Yaroslavl, Kostroma, and the seaside towns" (Videk. 96). From the Swedes, Skopin borrowed the arrangement of fortifications in the form of bateys, which were terrible for the Poles, since the Russians could freely make sorties and advance forward, avoiding battle (Notes of Zholkevsky, 60); and near Moscow he later even arranged a mock battle with the tsarist troops. (Hist. Libr. ed. of the Archaeogr. Com. vol. I; diary of the camp. of Sig. III, 579). Thus Skopin tried to take advantage of his acquaintance with the Swedish army and the presence in the Russian camp of such commanders as De la Gardie and his associates.
Both commanders, says I'erknan, were high-ranking military officers, and therefore kept their troops in strict discipline II2)i
Having united with Dekhagardi, Skopin moved further to the Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda 2), where he managed to push back Sapega, returning to Trinity. The news of this success already produced a magical effect in Moscow. That's it. the time when many in Moscow" again aamyishii postponed and moved to Tushino, the embassy with a "scale from Okolam. The excitement immediately died down. support* the power of Shuisky (Letter of the revolt. 166). It was not the success of Oborin, at the time, the power of the Swedish king hostile to Poland, forced Oigivmueda to emerge from inaction: after much insistence, he finally (Sept. 21) near Smolensk, which now becomes the central point of the new, opposition government. In Tushna itself,
') It is noteworthy that back in 1607 in Moscow, the “Charter of Military Affairs” was translated from German and Latin to familiarize the Russians with “new military tricks,” which were known in Italy, France, Austria, Spain, Holland, England and Poland, with the aim “so that military men could successfully to resist not only force with force, but also meaning with meaning." This charter sets out the rules of military formation, siege, campaign, movements of cavalry and infantry, rifle and cannon shooting (Karamzin, XII, 42. note 166, 167).
*) Both Pereyaslavl Zalessky and Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda were occupied by the advanced detachments themselves, without the participation of the main army. Yod Sloboda was Zo.che's backpack and released to his fatherland; but new ones have arrived here. auxiliary services in Sweden (9,000 people).
V. With. Ikonuluw,
As a result of failures and rivalry (Sapegn and Rozhnsky), a discord occurred that tilted the political weight in favor of the king: False Dmitry, Marina and Tushintsin fell on equal sides, and this greatly facilitated Slonin’s matter. On January 12, Sapieha ended the siege of the Trinity Monastery and settled in Dmitrov. In mid-February he was defeated here, and then forced to retreat to Volokolamsk. Skopin successfully acted against the Poles with sowings; In the settlement, his strength increased significantly. Sheremetev came here, and between the shadows near Moscow he was helped by the actions of separate detachments (internally Pozharsky ■ Lykov). Thus the road to Moscow became open. True, the allied army still had perhaps more difficult work ahead - the cleansing of Smolensk, but for now the main job was done, and it is clear with what feelings they were waiting for their liberator in Moscow.