but even outsiders, sometimes little-known personalities, were the targets of a crowd of applicants who tried to recapture the vacant rulership from each other, or even buy it under a living commander. As a result, the position of the Moldavian-Vlachian rulers was extremely slippery. They, in the words of one researcher, appeared and disappeared like meteors, often surprising neighboring states, sometimes causing even Turks to fear for their power in these highly flammable principalities]. The outrageously long lists of Moldovan-evil governors of the 16th century, cited by Palauzov *) and Golubinsky3), very eloquently confirm this. So in Moldavia in the second half of the 16th century, in less than 45 years (from 1552 to 1595), ten governors were replaced; and in Wallachia from the death of Radu IV until the accession to the rule of Michael the Brave, from 1508 to 1592. nineteen rulers changed, and only one, Alexander II (1567 - 1574), died wearing princely dignity; the remaining eighteen died either from poison, or in exile, or in captivity 4).—Comparatively somewhat happier than the previous hospodar families, the surname Mogil began to reign in the Moldovan lands, or more precisely in Moldavia. For almost 17 years (from 1595 to 1612), the Porte, satisfied with the obedience of the Graves, little disturbed the country they ruled with its intervention in its political affairs, and although it cannot be said that at that time the Graves sat completely calmly on the royal throne, nevertheless, princely power remained in their hands. But at the end of that time, the surname Mogil suffered the common fate of all Moldavian-Vlachian rulers. The Transylvanian governor Sigismund Batory, pursuing some selfish goals, informed the Sultan that the Moldavian ruler Constantine Mogol deeply
') 11a.gauzova, Romanian dominions in historical and political terms, in Otech. Zapvs. for 1669 L* 9-12.
*) Rukhyn. domination.
*) Brief outline of the history of Orthodoxy. Bulgarian, Serbian and Romanian churches, pp. 340-343.
*) Romanian. states.
*) See Golubinsky, Essay on or. churches more and so on. p. 343, note. 8.
BIOGRLFZHCHKSKI HERE. O PETER graves to DEDICATION. KGO V SAN sp.
betrayed to his enemies - the Poles and gives part of state revenues to his father-in-law Stefan Potocki. The Sultan was blown up by this; he, having replaced Konstantin Mogila, gave the Moldovan government to a certain adventurer Stefan Tomze •). Konstantin Mogila decided to defend his rights with weapons and, supported by Poland, launched a campaign against the Ottoman Porte, but in the battle he was defeated on his head and taken prisoner *). True, the Mogil family did not renounce its ownership rights to the Moldovan-Vlachian lands after that and did not lose hope of again occupying the royal throne in them, but the growing dislike of this family of the Ports made such a desire difficult to realize.
But if happiness ceased to smile on the name Mogil in her homeland, then in times of disaster she could never find such a warm welcome and welcome as in neighboring Poland. Close ties connected Mogil with this country.
The Mogil clan has always been distinguished by its special devotion to the Polish Harrow and for this enjoyed mutual favor from the Polish government. Jeremiah Mogila, even before his accession to the rulership, in 1593, Mr. ozoYptezok ki Roiakot ayaekei, received from Sigismund III the intenat, i.e., a privilege that compared him (Jeremiah) with nobles born in Poland 3). Then when
*) Romanians. dominions.
*) Chronicle of the Lvoa Brotherhood. The chronicle says that Konstantin Mogila ended his life in captivity. But this is not true. He managed to escape from the Turks to Poland, where he bought himself an estate (in Podolin), in which he lived until his death (EaeuYor. rfchgegeobna, C XVIII, Zht. 746).
*) Nope. Kievkievkiedo and VI, zig. 449. Ogb. roi. OKOIZ. *. II, ra$. 229. Schmitt, History of the Polish People. At the same time, the surname Mogila received permission from the crown Polish chancellor Jan Zamoyski to adopt into its coat of arms his family emblem (three crosswise folded spears), Virtue of the clear-legged Jan Zamoyski, wrote in 1631. Mogila, dedicating the Triodion he published to one of the Zamoyskis, the first one in Rodkowa and my relatives in Tyn found out when, at the hour of accepting the pmdienat in the crown of the kingdom of Poland, they let down their kleynot
S. T. GOLUBEV,