the death of Tsarevich Dmitry at the hands of traitors, despite the fact that both of them testified to something completely different under Boris), nor violent means (like sending poison to Bolotnikov) could carry out a moral revolution in favor of the government, but only compromised it. Treason continued to shake society. The capture of Tula, under the leadership of the tsar himself, was supposed to convince that only superior forces (like 100,000 troops) and the help of art (flooding the city) could uproot the rebellion and deliver the horse breeders of the unrest (Bolotnikov, Shakhovsky, False Peter and Telyatevsky) into the hands of the government”); but Shuisky early thought to take advantage of the results of success. Soon after this, he returned to Moscow and disbanded the army to their homes, which, due to the then military order, in view of the onset of winter, needed rest. Meanwhile, False Dmitry, despite his critical situation, managed to establish himself in Orel, where troops from Poland and the surrounding area again began to flock to him. At the same time, new impostors appeared in the steppe, posing as the sons of Ivan the Terrible and Fyodor Ivanovich. Imposture, despite its defeats, constantly found fresh strength in the social movement. As soon as the impostor announced to the peasants that those of them whose masters were in Shuisky’s service should take their estates and estates for themselves and marry their daughters - and there were many willing to serve him. Thus, according to one contemporary, many servants now became masters, and the gosiod had to endure famine in Moscow (Bussov, 94).
At such and such a time, the king decided to celebrate his wedding (Jan. 17, 1608) with the princess. Maria Petrovna Buinosova-Rostovskaya, and then the wedding of her nephew, Skopin. Meanwhile, the royal army, under the command of the unloved nm Dmitry Shuisky, Vasily Golitsyn, famous for his intrigues and betrayals, suffered from the Pretender and the getmas. Rozhinsky's defeat near Volkhov (May 10 and 11), which opened the path to Moscow for the Pretender. Apparently, the previous trust in Skopin’s success has also disappeared. In the army appointed under the command of him and Iv. Nick. Romanov to act against the Pretender near Moscow (on the Neznan River), treason was discovered
') Only 10 Oct. 1607 Tula surrendered. Skopin-Shuisky also took part in the actions under it (Karamzin, KhP, 34, irim. 133).
V. S. IKONNIKOV,
and it was returned, and of the perpetrators, some paid with exile (Prince Iv. Katyrev, Yur. Trubetskoy, Iv. Troekurov), others were executed (Letter of the rebellion. 130). Further actions under the command of the tsar himself did not lead to anything: the Pretender calmly established himself in Tushino. The agreement (July 25, 1608) concluded between the tsar and the Polish government, which secured the borders of both states and the withdrawal of the Poles from Russia, did not lead to anything, since the latter now fully counted on success. It was a time of terrible political disintegration in the Moscow state: at dinners and feasts, relatives agreed among themselves who would serve the tsar, and who would serve the tsar, and then dispersed, so that in the event of the triumph of one of them, they would have protection both here and there; they moved from one camp to another, known as flights. Having received their salary in Moscow, they again demanded it in Tushino; They were tolerated, although both the Poles and the Cossacks did not believe them. Nobles and merchants delivered everything they needed to Tushino for money, and whoever reported them to the Tsar was known as an earpiece. The nobles who surrounded the king were distinguished by their double-mindedness: they served him with their tongue, and not with their soul and body, says a contemporary; betrayal of oath and word was repeated at every step (The Legend of the Siege of the Trinity Monastery, Nalitsyn, chapter UI).