') These were selected from the boyar children. "Little boys zhiltsy" amused themselves with Tsarevich Dmytro in Uglich (Collection of State Charters, II, 103—116). In the Royal Book we read: "the zhiltsy are boyar children by choice" (Karamzin, VIII, note 272). Kotoshikhin says about the zhiltsy: "Their rank is as follows: for a campaign and for any matter, they sleep in the royal court, 40 men or more, and they are sent on all sorts of errands; and they are boyar children, and dyak [clerk], and podyachy [underclerk] children. And from this rank they become stryapchis, and stolniks, and duma men, and they also become commanders in the cavalry and in the infantry, and in the reiters, and in the soldiers, and they number up to 2,000 men. And for all the children of boyars, and okolnichys, and duma men, the first service is at the royal court, the same, only by their birth they are unequal to one another" (Kotoshikhin, 2nd ed., 21). In 1664 there were up to 3,000 of them. They were under the jurisdiction of the Razryad. When they were granted a rank, it was said that such-and-such was granted from the zhilyo to the nobles, stryapchis, etc. Under Peter the Great, the guards regiments were recruited with them. In 1710, there were only 300 of them, after which this title ceased. (Drev. Ros. Vivl., XX, 169—170).
’) Well-known figure of troubled times and a contender for the throne, Prince. V.V. Golitsyn says this about himself: “I myself only read a little, I don’t know how to hang out... * Soloviev, X, additions, p. II), (from the July manuscript. Imp. Publ. bib., 16 229).
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
The project still met very serious resistance and was not completely successful. Ivan the Terrible's bookishness and Boris Godunov's concerns about education indicate that the need for broader education, at least in the highest circles, has already begun to emerge. True, the language of the descriptions of manuscripts and libraries of that time shows that spiritual literature was still completely dominant at that time, but at the same time attempts are being made in a different way. Not to mention the experiments in processing historical material and the desire to study general history, in the 16th century translations of Polish chronicles and cosmographies appeared in Moscow 1).
Skopin's biographer also notes the features of his leadership while in service at court. Despite his youth, he was distinguished by “many years of intelligence”: he was not proud of his inferiors, did not boast of his origin, did not slander his comrades, but was quiet and modest, which is why, according to the remark of the same contemporary, he lived “in silence” at such a “passionate and necessary time”; meanwhile, it was the time of the Grdunovsky terror, which instilled general fear; a time when it was so easy to gain favor for slandering one’s loved ones, which had found a safe haven within the walls of the palace. We will meet these character traits of Skopil later, where we will present evidence from panegyrists alone.
Of course, Boris could not be calm about the Shuiskys. There is news that at the time when he was playing a comedy with his election to the kingdom, feigningly refusing the proposed crown, the Shuiskys began to convince others that it was indecent to beg him any longer, but that they should proceed with the election of a new person, and this accelerated Boris’s agreement (Tatishchev. papers in Miller’s portfolio, Ig 7, in the Moscow Internal Ministries of Foreign Affairs, see Ist. Solovyova, VIII, note 12). Reign of Vasily Shuisky, Prince Boris Mikhailovich Lykov"
Voiisn of the royal archive 1575 - 84. It is mentioned that in box 217, among other things, a translation of the Polish chronicler and cosmography is kept, we hide the note: “given to the sovereign” (Act. Arch. Exped., I, 353). It is believed that this was a translation of Belsky’s chronicle and his cosmography. (Both. Russian chronograph. A. Popov, II 95). In the inventory of property Novgorod. Voivode Tatishchev is called: “The book of land surveying, cosmography, etc., printed, large; price 10 rubles.” (Temporary Moscow obshch. ist. I*Sh, mixture, 34).