somewhere between Prussian land and Russia, therefore in Lithuania. This is what the Quedlinburg Chronicle testifies, under the year 1009: “Bruno, but by another name Boniface, archbishop and monk, in the eleventh year of his tonsure, died on March 9, beheaded by pagans on the borders of Rus' and Lithuania, with 18 comrades, and was sent to heaven. The Roman Church canonized the Egr*,
In the Catholic Church, Bruno Boniface is known as the Apostle of the Russians, and Catholic scientists, from Baronius to Fleury, the newest representatives of the Ultramontane trend in science, consider Boniface an educator and Russian martyr. An error based, however, on ancient documents. Around 1040, the life of St. Peter Damiani was written in Italy. Romuald, which talks in some detail, among other things, about the last exploits and death of Boniface. According to this legend, Boniface preached to the Slavic people and suffered martyrdom from a Russian prince, whose brother he converted to Christianity, walking unharmed between two burning fires. But as you can see, while the news about Bruno-Boniface from Lithuania reached Italy, there was nothing historical left in it: the legend of Peter Damiani, as well as another - Wipert, posing as Bruno’s companion, is filled with such incongruous and fabulous miracles that there is nothing reliable in it and is rightly rejected by scientists. By the way, the idea of Boniface's Russian apostleship is also refuted by the legend of Wipert, who dates Bruno's last activity to 'II Russia, speaks of the conversion of a Prussian, not a Russian prince, although he gives him the Slavic name IGetimir. Completely reliable information about Bruno is reported only by Thietmar and in Bruno’s letter to Henry II, and on the basis of these documents we saw that Bruno, as a missionary, had no connection in Rus'. One more note about sources. In the interpolator of the monk Adhemar, who wrote a chronicle around the year 1150, which Pertz calls poi otpipo tzapis, we find from vfs^ir of this kind: “St. Bruno converts the province of Prussia and another, called Russia., Going to the Linzennatians and, preaching yam, suffered just like St. Adalbert (i.e. Vojtech). The body of the EGR was bought by the family for a lot of money and in Rus' they created a monument named after him,
'to the canal it is glorified by many miracles. And after a few times, a certain Greek bishop came to Rus' and converted the majority of that province, still devoted to idols, and forced them (the Russians) to accept the Greek custom in growing beards and other respects." From this evidence, only the general idea is valid that the "history of Bruno or some other Western" "apostle of the Russians" should have given way to the Greek-Eastern beginning 4).
In conclusion, a few more words about one Western preacher in Rus' in the 11th century. Bolesław, as we have noted, inherited the empire's responsibility for converting neighboring countries to Christianity and was the soul of the northeastern mission, headed first by Vojtech and then by Bruno. This “most Christian” king transferred his aggressive and missionary tendencies to Rus'. The son of Vladimir, the appanage prince of Turov, Svyatopolk, was married to the daughter of Boleslav the Brave. Together with Boleslav’s daughter, Reinburn, the bishop of Kolobrezh, came to the court of the Prince of Turov, apparently a German, but who was in close relations with Boleslav. Rainburn actively promoted Catholicism in the domain of Svyatopolno, although in all likelihood there was already a Greek clergy here. Thietmar, Bishop of Merseburg, the only source of information about Reinburne says: "Coming from the town of Gassegun, educated in the liberal sciences by intelligent teachers, Reinburne, worthily, I think, achieved the episcopal rank. And how much he worked in the task entrusted to him, (to describe this) neither my knowledge nor ability is enough. Destroying the idol temples, he burned them from the barren tree, that is, from the people to extremes of rudeness, produced for Almighty God a branch of holy knowledge" 2). But along with this holy preacher, Rainburn incited Svyatopolk to rebel against Vladimir. For Boleslav there was a
*) The sources about Bruno-Boniface for us were: Belevsshho MopvteMa Roiopiae, where all the documents related to this Subject are located: Chroeiki Thietmar, interpolator Ademar; Gnlferding's article about "Bruno, the Russian Conversation of 1856, book 1; Frgbgeg, KigsNeodosIybye, VaTOpii AIVif, etc.; manuals.
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
about the Latin tropoldnvdkh in Kievan Rus'.