roof of the Tatar Mountains, about the Tatar route (2605, 2608), about Tatar legacies and about the redemption of prisoners from the hands of the Tartars ("819, 2560), Turkish (619, 622) and other numerous historical and moral features proving that these are borderland acts and that the daily fight for Western civilization took place here, almost in every field civic activity. On the other hand, there is always talk of rallies and assemblies, land parliaments and landowners' assemblies, to which the nobility appeals, where the dignitaries decide the most important court cases or deliberate on land government, where they also adopt resolutions, for example, regulating the relations of peasants, simplifying and shortening them, and the validity of the resolution is influenced also by the fact that it constitutes the basis for general state legislation and becomes the norm for the eastern voivodeships. But also among this landowner's movement, already strongly spread here and covering all eastern areas, we note that it is fighting against old relations and remnants, and there is also talk of the servitude of a nobleman (servitium nobilis) and relations arising from the law. tributary. Of course, in court books arising from Polish law, such mentions of fief relations must be rare, but Polish law, as the opposite of fief, displaced and absorbed them, and only in very rare cases were relations arising from fief law based on landowner courts. And yet, already in the notes of the previous volumes, there were very interesting and important references to the field of feudal relations, the supplements of which can be found in some notes of this volume and which we will supplement with material found in later books not included in this publication. First of all, the Przeworsk land records contribute, among other things, to increasing our limited knowledge about the fief law that existed in several villages near Jarosław and around Łańcut for a long time, almost until the mid-16th century. century it persisted. These were the villages belonging to the Jarosław treasury, Roźwienica, Tywonia, Rudołowice, Więckowice further on Monasterz, Mikulice, Łopuszka Mała and Wielka, Niziatycze located closer to Łańcut 1). There were men of the Jarosław family living in these and several other villages, as it was noted in the preface to the previous volume. The fact that the service of these men was of ancient origin can be concluded from the fact that it is only slowly disappearing under the influence of Polish law, which replaces it, and that it cannot even be assumed that the Pilecki family from Greater Poland introduced fief relations here, and on purchased land, but rather it should be assumed that they found these relations in, for example, Mikulice, which was purchased by Otto Pilecki, starosta of Ruthenia in 1367. 200 kopecks of groszy from the Ruthenians of Ostanka and Derszniak from Orżowice. 2) The nobles were the nobility, such as Jan Łysakowski, whom in 1474, as evidenced by notes 82 and 83, Spytko Jarosławski released from the feudal bond, i.e. manorship, both from the village of Pawłowo sioło and from the village of Manasterz. Infer after-
') Note no. 172. ') Ter. Prev. Inscr. 12 p. 652 document from the Law of February 1367.
VII
they blame these notes and their confirmation in 14773) that Jan Łysakowski paid Jarosławski for releasing him from vassalage. That this fief relationship brought benefits to the feudal lords is taught by one of the notes 4), according to which Spytko Jarosławski, the voivode of Krakow, bequeathing to his wife the care of their children and goods, puts the Jarosław vassals in the first place of his Jarosław estates. Vassals are the subject of family divisions, and they are so valuable that sometimes one wealthier person was assigned to all family members when dividing the estate. For example, in 1520, as a result of a compromise made before the king, Hieronim Jarosławski was given a vassal in Rudołowice, his sister Magdalena, wife of Mikołaj Pilecki, voivode of Bełzki, a vassal in Więckowice, and Anna, wife of Mikołaj of Zakliczyn, castellan of Wojnicki, the vassal in Tywnia, and the vassal in Roźwienica was to be the man of all three heirs of the Jarosław region 5).
The vassals were also obliged to pay the war service of the banner servUus banearia, as it was referred to in the act of 15226). This service was also mentioned in transactions involving pledges or deeds, as stated in the act of 1543, mainly with respect to village heads." On the other hand, we have evidence that the men shirked from war service, for which they were held accountable 8).