As far back as human memory goes, two neighboring villages grazed cattle in the summer - or collected hay however anyone pleased. The same happened with forests. And you have to remind yourself; what form the eastern voivodeships had at that time. A Hungarian chronicler, who accompanied Louis of Hungary in his expeditions against Lithuania, tells about a huge, mile-wide river near Lviv, which obstructed the march of King Louis of Hungary, and a Turkish chronicler from the beginning of the 15th century also tells about a sea-like lake in the Mediterranean. These were probably floods of water that flooded low-lying towns for dozens of miles, so that the stranger saw some kind of Mediterranean sea here during the great floods. But even without these floods, even in the driest summer the country was mainly muddy and forested, and not only in the 15th century. but also in the 16th century. century. Therefore, in the border documents of those times there is constant mention of these marshes, ponds, marshes. "In one of the previous volumes, mention was made of an innumerable number of ponds from which the Lviv merchants, who leased ponds throughout Russia, benefited greatly from the trade in fish, which is confirmed by the Lviv records contained in this volume. There were no difficulties in separating the pond, made by human hands, but these lakes, swamps and endless mud were difficult objects to draw a border on. "We already know how demarcations were made here, as sometimes as many as a dozen or so mounds were built in these huge spaces 7i) and here it should be added that these willows and stakes were driven into the muddy ground in the summer, but these mounds were built in the winter and although the Podkomorzy usually held his appointment in the summer, we see examples of office work in the field around Candlemas, when frosts cut off these inaccessible swamps and swamps, and made it possible building mounds, which were then embanked. Usually, however, no boundary markers were placed on these swamps and they were not even demarcated, leaving them for the common use of both parties. And so we read in more than one chamberlain's act: the marshes are divided into halves72) or that the rest of the marsh is divided in such a way that for two years one party and for the third year the other party is entitled to the use of hay and marshes73^. We also read that the lakes are divided into halves and both sides are allowed to fish equally 74); or that the meadows are to be kept by both sides in accordance with ancient custom, which the newly created borders are not to derogate from75). But this ancient custom is slowly giving way to progress. Attempts were made to make more profit from these wastelands, from which only poor hay was produced, and not every year by draining the mud, by means of ditches made with a slope to some river, such as the San 76); sometimes the other party allows the other party to make a ditch through its own land in order to obtain the drainage of standing water 77) and when a river, like the Wiar, causes great damage to the farm with its floods, it floods
"") Ob. Lewicki, From the Chronicle of the Forgotten Quarter. Hist. III. 211-212 and the publisher's note on page 213, as well as Khoja Saad-ed-din's chronicle in Senkowski's Collectanea I, 78. ") Z. 3075. ") No. 3043, 3106. ") AGZ. XIII. z. 5110. ") Z. 3089.
XXIII
both sides protect the rectification of the riverbed by dividing the entire estate and describe precisely which lands will fall to one side and which to the other when rectification is carried out, in other words, the line of the route, which is also the rectification plan, has received the sanction of the Chamberlain "8). The land, under the influence of continuous cultivation, is increasing in price, so that even the river deposits, for which the legislator over a hundred years ago He paid close attention to the Vistula River, and now in the early 16th century, the regulation was respected on the San River, because when the San River was granted land not to flood the meadows on one side or the fields of the other side, Podkomorzy allowed as much of the land on the other side of the river as it had lost due to the change of the river bed. mills, dykes, etc. "9).