We obtain such civilizational features of our earthly society on the basis of the chamberlain's acts. The lawyer will also find in them abundant material on the issues of how border law in Russia was formed and evolved, and what legal and moral principles existed here in the 15th century. century and which prevailed in the 16th century. in., how the trial here differed from the trial in Greater Poland or Masovia, etc. questions of great importance for the researcher of legal institutions. A student of antiquity will find in the relevant notes old nomenclatures of various localities, these entrances, i.e. ujazdy ^0), Suszyce and Remiany, corners, cornerstones and verticals, these divisions, peaks, empty slopes and abutments, etc., with which words marked the line of the route. Here we will allow ourselves to draw attention to a matter of more particular importance and which may concern the historian of this district rather than the researcher of public institutions or our antiquities. This site is, as you can easily understand, the farm of the landowner of that time. And the chamberlain's files shed some light on this issue, if only incidentally.
As can be seen from the above-mentioned influence of the eastern landowners on the development of border legislation, the nobility sought to obtain personal farms, as demanded in the mid-16th century. v. abolition of all joint ownership of royal estates. Of course, the same aspiration accompanied the demarcation in general, which is obvious, whether the demarcation was made between two estates or between Niedziela brothers, owners of one estate. An individual, separate farm is the ideal of those who moved the colonization deeper into the forest, increasingly displacing the nomad from the borderlands of that time. However, the goal could not be achieved everywhere, due to the terrain itself. As already mentioned, usufruct was to be one of the main motives for resolving the border line, the legislation placed the main emphasis on it, and yet in practice this certificate was not conclusive, because most often the elders on both sides did not agree at all, or they agreed on one and the same thing, but the obstacle to the demarcation was the fact that both communes had been invading the disputed place from time immemorial and using it - and the matter became controversial due to such a certificate. has not been explained at all. It was at the end of the 16th century. century, the public opinion of that time turned against the testimony of the elderly. The terrain is sometimes even more difficult to mark out the border. How difficult it was to run a farm individually and mark out and delimit the marshes stretching for miles, where ever since
'•) Author of the article Bibl. Warsz. 1841. III, 158. 168 indicates that the word wjazd, ujazd, came from the word objazd, circuitio.
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