Is there anyone else who would have exercised his power over his subjects with aggravation of them, so that the hetman would be brought to justice, and we, the hetman, will begin to judge whether there is someone who has committed actions over his subjects, to punish him, and whether there is obvious guilt to bring it to fruition, and to move away from vanity, and to people burdened with citizenship, freedom was given to them” *7). From this report it is clear that the peasants loudly complained about the sovereign burdens; but it is not clear from anything that the MPs, accepted by Mazepa, according to him, to the relief of the peasants, were brought into execution. (Having considered the time that Mazepa made his communications, it is easy to come to the conclusion that (And \ were forced in a minute: Mazepa wrote his message to the kings in October 1862, and in Shon of the same year - to approach the southern Malorosin hetman-samo46) ASI Koshevoy Gusak to Mazel, about the utfenation of the subjects by the powers, Solovyova, Ist. Rosesh, vol. XV, p. 180.
47) Reading Moscow. General East. and Ancient 1859, book. b\, 7. Wed. History of Russia, S. Solovyov, t, KhSU, pp. 191 - 195.
Maloroe, pospol. cross, brocade, solution of glasses Zvanets Petrik with the Tatars, and sent out “lovely” swap station wagons, in which he promised the people, among other things, freedom from the “draft lords”... It is known that, at the same time, willy-nilly, in the Orel village (Poltava regiment) they pinned Petrik to tfs led Mazepa, who was standing near Hadiach at that time, into considerable confusion....
When Petrik was driven out, the hetman moved from near Hadiach to Poltava and at that time took away certain assets from the Poltava powers. *3) Such political leaders, it will be understood, did not imply any subsequent children, and between them the economic interests of the elders tightened the knot of citizenship of the peasants more and more strongly.
By the end of the 15th century. The attitude of the Polish government towards the powers: the people have already decided positively: give “parschen robidi”, and give the druma “on chiashV sidfli”. “The duties of this and other duties were not determined and were completely dependent on the will and character of the rulers. —Panshchioa was usually limited to two or three diyas pedTflu.
So, in Mazepa’s universal of 1701, we read:
“The residents of the village complained to us. Smolyazhi on the village of Samuila Aoanasezich, the centurion of Verkevsky, the ruler of that. sat down that the watchman (manager) of his p. sotnik, assigned to us, “greatness and greatness to them in work, they covered up, unbearably the chivyachi insults and in the pavshchin® ceased to be mislaid” and asked us for the hetman, which made it easier for them to protect. We called the said centurion and instructed our general court to sort out the case; the complaint turned out to be fair, for which we did not praise the sotishka, but we do not take that village away from him, but 18) Belichko, I, section 55, Kyytkho ANI 9. oven ^^, MSK 3 :: a a kfl- B but we order, “abi e more only two di per week, the robot was sent to him by panshchina, and pniie days, they spent their needs on their own, and in fate they gave oats from their working comrade, it was necessary (moreover} to not bear greedy duties and obligations and the op. centurion would not be guilty of vimagati, under the Velas pasha. " *) From here we see that the administrator considered a two-division panchana sufficient; We will see later that the primacy of this rule on the part of the powers was very |rFdko; At the very least, the multitude of complaints against the sovereign nations, which was preserved in the archives of the General Chancellery, makes one believe with certainty that the development of the pashtina was dependent on the sheer arbitrariness of the sovereigns.
KromB5 panschians, peasants were obliged to deliver to the powers a sufficient amount of livestock and rural products.
The razmfr chips, just like the lords, depended on the will of the sovereign.
Since the divisions of all these duties were neither defined by law nor by custom, we will present them here and there according to some aspects and obtain a clear understanding of the lordship.