Institutions on governors, November 7, 1775, closes the moment we are considering in the political development of domestic regional administration: from this comes another period—a system of regional administration that exists to this day, imbued with the beginnings of administrative centralization and government guardianship. With our powerful historical essay, we wanted to highlight the need to study the previous Forms of our regional administration to report on the Forms of modern ones, hourly awaiting revision.
1. The regional administration of the 17th Voivodeship was military-fiscal in nature, bureaucratic in structure - decentralized. The regional administration of the present time (gubernatorial), imbued with a civic-improved character, is imprinted in its structure with the principles of administrative centralization.
2. Regional administration of the 18th century - before the establishment of provinces (governor's in the highest instances, voivod's - in the lower ones) in its character was gradually imbued with a spirit of civic improvement, and its structure was determined little by little by the system of administrative centralization that was gradually emerging.
3. The new nature of the regional administration, new principles in its structure, were determined by other goals of the central government - striving for public improvement.
4. The state of society in the 18th century—its inability for self-government, indifference to the general interest—determined the development of government guardianship (itse!e adtiizganue), government guardianship established a predominance of bureaucracy, a predominance of bureaucracy, and eee, in other words, caused the need for administrative centralization. The separation of villages from cities in 169 by the administrative divisions of Peter V. - 1708 and - opened a new period in the historical context of domestic regional government, ending with the establishment of provinces on November 7, 1775.
6. Administrative division! = Peter V. - the fruit of the revolution and financial ideas of the reformer: the ones he introduced were artificial administrative districts, closer to the French departments, and to the English counties. The constant, artificial, non-racial distribution of government funds from these administrative districts hindered the formation of local unions. The reforms of Peter V, in the area of management, were imbued with an organic character. An attempt was made to bring the Swedish charter “to the situation of the State,” they did not last long on the IKB, and their result was only a systematization of the forms of regional management that were introduced in the 17th VFKF.
8. The most ambitious of the reforms is the separation of judicial and governmental powers; but not fully separated by Peter V., the judicial power completely merged with the government in 1737.
9. The establishment of the province represents a new concept of its own, it does not reach: in the administrative SI: the present tense, “still overlooks the separation of judicial power from government power, but the dependence of judicial power on government power is indirect, and sometimes direct. The principle of the absence of magistracy is completely alien to the organization of the domestic justice system,
10. The regional administration, introduced by the establishment of the governor in 1775, was prepared by the previous history, but it could be influenced by administrative theories, which were proclaimed by the most important publicists of the 18th World Bank: French encyclopedists, scientific cameralists, and hisocratic Quesnay's followers.
11. By the way, and under the name of these theories, a system of administrative centralization and government guardianship was established in all the states of Western Europe, except for England, where self-government of counties (ZY Ges) developed and in the United States, where, mainly in New England, self-government of communities (oupzMrz) developed. _
12. The present time is the time of dominance of other administrative theories, the greatest champions of which, among continental publicists, are Tocqueville and Gneist. In the states where a strict system of administrative centralization has developed, a desire to weaken it is visible: this is especially evident in the communal statutes of Germany that are constantly being issued in recent times, striving to restore the self-sufficiency of communities (U1edee!e ne eg b. Kbgreg), aveo eee zhots, Xx arch yene this is real