3. Subjects of the department. The division of the administration into separate parts - into the so-called subjects of the department - is considered by supporters of administrative centralization to be the crown of government wisdom. They compare this with the division of labor into the spheres of private economic relations, and the results resulting from such division do not seem to them as beneficial as the economic results resulting from the specialization of occupations. We think that this view does not embrace all sides of the issue and cannot withstand criticism. Government may indeed be viewed from an economic point of view, in which case it will appear as the entrepreneur of useful work for society. The administration he sends will be represented by a set of heterogeneous services. But at the same time, we must not forget the fundamental difference in the motives for the activities of the government and the private economic entrepreneur. The driving principle of administration is the idea of public welfare, which is alien to the egoistic nature; The driving principle of private economic relations is private interest. It is this private interest that makes the division of the labor of centuries beneficial in its economic consequences. It is not enough to separate the production of one pin between as many manufacturers as possible; each of them must be aroused by private interest in the activity. Thus, we see a big stretch in comparing the development of administration into departmental subjects with the division of labor. The words of the NFT: with the rational structure of the administration, dividing it into departmental subjects to a certain extent is essential, but this beginning in itself does not, as it seems to us, have such a 716.
3. M 12.894. 19 a nie a E E they about and other eti river ztatie and inetu ture meaning, which is usually attributed to him: everything depends on the character of the administration, on the spirit of the bureaucracy. There is no doubt that the communal administration in New England between the 17 responsible agents represents an institution worthy of imitation, but on the other hand, we see that the justices of the peace in England concentrate all the branches of the regional administration in their hands, and at their sessions they send together with the TB and the court, and this institution is not a menfe worthy of imitation. Undoubtedly, unite: the number of agricultural units of the regional administration in the hand of some spruce power can lead to abuse, but on the other hand it will carry out too much fragmentation of this administration - = it will complicate the management mechanisms, increase the number of organizations and confuse business processes. We are involuntarily reminded here of our regional administration in the Kingdom of Poland, which represented a smaller branch of the mine administration into departmental departments, which were provided to departmental authorities: Shchi. I, the organizing part, the provincial government in the kingdom combines the responsibilities of some of our chambers with the management of the general welfare and security of the province, so what? the mechanism of control, whatever the device, the procedure for arbitrary action is much simpler. The division of administration into household items is, as it was, the fruit of greater administrative intelligence, as the fruit of the government’s theoretical considerations: this division involves characterizing the dfl and distributing them into groups according to clan names. Each group constitutes a separate subject in the Fund. In addition, under the dominance of bureaucratic decentralization, all individual parts of the regional administration are always concentrated in the hands of small-business rulers. The establishment of administrative centralization is in connection with the development of the regional administration; "The division of management, says Mr. Chicherin; inevitably leads to general centralization; fragmented into parts must be strictly and formally subordinated to a single center." t EE EE