Section I. General view of the development of regional administration in the 18th century

9. When the deputies of the nobility were sent home by commission, some of them collected all sorts of taxes from their voters “supposedly for general needs,” presenting themselves in public affairs as defenders of the people; each other entered into an outsider's business, having nothing to do with their calling; They were submitted both to government offices and to commisenos for writing a project. different ways to go to the new bed; petitioner for the chancellery in private cases, similar to solicitors, “but with this difference, however, that they respected themselves, that they were under high-ranking guards, and admitted that they had allegedly never been convicted of any crime.” °). Such a mood of shiyakhetism was a natural consequence of this previous history of this class: having recently risen from the nobility, so vaguely understanding their noble honor, how could they look at zemstvo service as a sacred duty of every citizen? How could they clearly understand the importance of such a matter as the calling of the USSR 12. 933. 3 Sh S. 3. No. 13. 953. ISI A and as deputies in a legislative commission? impartially peering into public life 18 in this life, IH We repeat: c. It is impossible not to come to the sad conclusion that the end of administrative self-government has gone. And after the reward that Sickers received by giving Bloom’s instructions, the secret instruction of the region entrusted to him will be hired. This instruction is reminiscent of the memoir compiled under Louis XI, the Duke of Burgundy - a memoir with which the intendants had to comply in the reports submitted to the government. The instructions already include the duties of the owner and guardian to inform the Senate of the Supreme Court about how the governor receives land: he is ordered to join his governor's nobles, and how they live, which of them carefully and who leads an idle and carefree life, is busy with farming, squandering their money, leaving the lands uncultivated, “According to this it is said in the instructions, you will not leave patronize, as far as possible, first and correct the latter, treating them not as a boss, but as a friendly co-worker, so that they know that the governor is aware of domestic affairs, and so that they are afraid to give him a reason for a bad recommendation.” Regarding land, the governor had to encourage peasants and farmers to engage in the production of agricultural products that can best be born from everyone’s soil; instill in the owners and provide them with advice regarding the construction of the linen phases. Take care of the construction of the sapling walls. Instructions; This tion was, however, only a detailed development of those principles, which consisted of instructions to the governors, 1764, the germs of which can be seen in the instructions of the voivode of 1749. As an order to the governors and voivodes of 1138, consistent development! which are represented by: a general order to the governors of 1837 and a general instruction to the governor generals of 1453. Thus, during the century, we set new tasks for the government - striving for the improvement of the people, under the influence of that social environment, in the midst of which these tasks were solved - a society incapable of self-government - the fundamental principles developed more administrative: government guardianship, which established a predominance of bureaucracy, causing the need for centralization. What kind of spirit was instilled in the bureaucracy of the 18th century, emerging from the midst of a demoralized society? What were the regional rulers and bodies through which the government sought to achieve social improvement? Among these regional rulers we meet the Siberian governor Gagarin, for the sake of the abuse of which in 17 17 he sent guard Major Likharev, with the command in all the cities of the Siberian governor to say that the governor is Gagarin..... and an unkind person, that ‘he won’t be a governor in Siberia anymore’); We meet the Prokutsk vice-governor Zholobov, who was sentenced to death for 97 illegal offenses *); Peisensky governor Zhukov, against whom, over the course of 4 years, 32 complaints about bribes and military charges were filed by ordinary people. 3), and the Blogorodek governor, actual state councilor, Prince. Shakhovsky, who was already in Catherine’s reign and allowed ordinary people to engage in innkeeping for bribes *), In general, the abuses of the regional rulers of the 18th century were extraordinary; there was no end to extortion and extortion of all kinds. Let’s listen to what Empress Elizabeth Petrovna says in an important decree of 1160. “The unsatisfied greed of self-interest has reached such a point that some places established for the rule of law were characterized by commerce, covetousness and partiality by the leadership of judges, and connivance and neglect were encouraged by lawless people.” 5).“ For good luck, let’s take two or three primers, ‘vividly depicting the spirit of the regional administrator -A—AAECH/YAA——A—E/—E———“A/A/“—“——— ) p. S. 3.M 3284. p. 6.— 2) P.S.