Division III. 3(a). Subjects of the department of the provincial chancellery: Judicial part (Justice)

3. M. 5011 p. 5. — typ-kodlegiu ") But the concentration of all governmental and judicial affairs of the governorate in the hands of the governors led to extreme slowness in the administration of justice: in the Moscow provincial chancellery in 1750, there turned out to be 31,388 unresolved cases. Therefore, there was an extreme need to separate judicial cases from the matters subject to the jurisdiction of the provincial chancellery. They tried to satisfy this need first of all in the Moscow governorate by opening on July 29, 1730, two prikazes: the Judicial for judicial-civil cases and the Detective — for cases of theft, robbery, and murder *). However, appeals in judicial-civil cases of merchants against the verdicts of the Moscow town hall still had to be brought not to the Judicial Prikaz, but, as before, to the provincial chancellery; as for cases of theft, robbery, and murder, the merchant class was also subject to the Detective Prikaz 3). These prikazes existed throughout the entire duration of the period under our consideration: the Judicial Prikaz was abolished only after the establishment of the governorates, having been subdivided in 1763 into 4 departments, which decided cases by the unanimous verdict of their members °. The Detective Prikaz was abolished in 1763, and its cases were transferred to the search expedition established at the Moscow provincial chancellery 5). For search cases of the Ingermanland governorate, a special office was also established in 1755 — consisting of 1 councilor and 2 assessors 6). The need that gave rise to these institutions, which limited the scope of activity of the Moscow and St. Petersburg provincial chancelleries — the need to separate the judicial power from the governmental one — also caused special judicial institutions in other places. These include: the temporary department for the analysis of patrimonial cases, established in 1765 at the Sloboda provincial chancellery °), a special structure of the judicial department in the Mohyliv and Pskov governorates, where governorate zemstvo courts were established in the governorate towns, and province courts in the province towns. The former consisted of a chief judge and members, of which there were 3 in the Pskov governorate court, and in the Mohyliv one —