3. M. 8034. [OCR garbled: in or Aki names alone about tribute pen Io le eti ° 440 of the father !)], who did not remember their kinship 1) — there was, thus, plenty of people from whom to form entire gangs of robbers, roaming the forests and high roads, ravaging villages and towns, robbing and killing inhabitants. These robber gangs represented organized regular detachments, mostly cavalry, led by otamans and osauls *). In 1709 and 1740, the Klin, Mozhaisk, and Volokolamsk (volotskie) landowners and patrimonial estate holders petitioned the sovereign that in their uyezds “robbers arrive in large numbers with all sorts of military firearms into their houses, into villages and hamlets, and smash and burn many villages and hamlets, and beat many people to death, and take their property and that of their people and peasants without reserve, and take women and girls with them for abuse, and take horses, and beat the remaining horses and livestock to death, and pour grain from the granaries out onto the street for ruin; and these robbers ride out to rob day and night, having gathered from many towns and uyezds.... and from such great ruin and fear of theirs, having abandoned their homes, they wander through the towns with their wives and children.... 4)”. In a similar manner, in 1749, robber gangs roamed the Novgorod, Mozhaisk, and Meshchovsk uyezds, plundered and burned quite a few villages, attacked the rich St. George (Georgievsky) Monastery near the town of Meshchovsk in broad daylight, and having robbed it, broke into Meshchovsk itself, smashed the fort, and released bands of previously caught robbers 5). Terrible robberies and looting also occurred in 1738 in the Penza province and the lower Volga (ponizovye) towns, where the landowners suffered especially 5). But robberies raged no less around the capital cities — Moscow and St. Petersburg: in 1734, the insolence of the robber gangs robbing the environs of Moscow reached the point that they sent three letters to General Field Marshal Bruce, 1) P.S.Z. No. 9136.— 2) P.S.Z. No. 10.069.— 3) P.S.Z. No. 6908.— *)
3. P.S. 3. No. 8290. fighting with ‘threats of sending money
9. In 1735, theft and robbery near St. Petersburg itself increased so much that it was necessary to cut down the LFSA surrounding the capital *); in 1737, pickets were established in the capitals *), but even in 1762, dead bodies were opened in St. Petersburg, and robberies were carried out in houses as a result of robbery *). Never before have robberies reached such terrible proportions, large fleets of pirates, usually ships, sailed to villages and towns in 1776, as in the provinces and towns of small boats, armed with guns and cannons, mili Alatyr provincial magistrate h) - Bands of beggars were also formed from vagabonds, under the guise of which thieves often emerged. These gangs moved from city to city, from styrya to monastery, forming dense crowds in the prosperous places that it was difficult to escape. More than 10 of these niches were young and healthy people who, having become lazy, did not want to work °). The disorder they caused in pubh mfotah was very great: in 1761 in Moscow, many such beggars walked through the villages and monasteries, drunk, they walked through the streets and begged for alms with abuse and shouts 7). Neither the issuance of benefits to the beggars), nor a series of decrees that ordered the beggars wandering around the world to be enrolled as soldiers, those not required for military service, but able to work, from commoners to be assigned to factories, and peasants to be sent to meta-residents - could not eradicate beggary. There was someone who could thus violate public safety 7
1. S. 3. No. 6645.—°*) P.S.3 M. 6779. -- 3 0. S.