And here, before we close, let us look back on the period that has elapsed since that battle, and contemplate for a moment what Russia had since done in the space of little more than a century. Within that period 120 new cities have been erected, where before all had been a desert : and among these cities, we must not forget St. Petersburg with 500,000, and Odessa with 70,000 inhabitants. Indeed, almost every city in the empire may be said to have been constructed anew. Canals to the extent of at least 100 (450 En^glish) miles have been cut; 120 hospitals have been built ; and six universities have been founded. An army of a million of soldiers has been drilled, and an army of civil officers of at least 160,000 has been organized. Several thousands of churches have been built ; a fleet has been formed, second only to that of England ; a dozen fortresses have been constructed ; and a population of 20,000,000 has been added to the empire by conquest alone. Codes of laws have been published, and a national literature has sprung up. Manufactories have arisen and flourished ; mines have been opened in six several chains of mountains ; and a wish for improvement has been awakened over an extent of 300,000 (German) square miles ; a tract, moreover, which, as far as history reaches, had ever been sunk in the darkest barbarism. All this, and much more, has been absolutely created in the country, where not a trace of it existed before. Leaving out of the account those portions of their task in which the Russians have failed, and not perhaps criticising too closely the quality of the work they have produced, it may boldly be asserted, that at no period of the history of the world, have equal results been produced by any European state, within the same time.
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]