*) The Turkic horde, having appeared among the Danube Slavs, was finally absorbed by them and lost all its tribal features. Here she met - with a tribe spiritually stronger than the Finnish-Ugric tribes, most of whom, on the territory of present-day Russia, were absorbed by the Slavic tribe.
3) Berezin. "Bulgar on the VolgV". Scientist Notes of Kazan University, 1852 vol., part III, p. 76; Shpilevsy, “Monuments to the ancient city and friend of the Bulgar-Tatars in the Kazan province,” Kazan, 1877, p. 1 et seq. and 195 et seq.; Nevostrueva: “About the ancient settlements of the Volga-Bulgarian and Kazan kingdoms,” in “Proceedings of the Archaeological Congress in Moscow,” vol. P, 1871, p. 523. The Yakut Arab speaks about wooden buildings. Masieueeb ep аЪер @е \УУо]са-ВіеВаеп“ in Meshogez 4e 1'Asadepie 4ez Zeepsez, U1[-e ze, zoepsez roNdiez, 1, Put. 6, p. 565.
*) Ibn-El-Vardi in Khvolzon’s “Report on the Khazars, Burtas, Madzrah, Slavs and Russakh by Abu-Ali-Ahmed Ben-Omar Ibn-Dast”, St. Petersburg, 1869, p. 89.
Over time, the ruins of these fortified and stone buildings have been preserved, which enable us to provide at least a small description of this famous city. It is located on a mountain and surrounded by a rampart and a ditch; The edge of that torde was surrounded by tall oak trees '). (On the northern side there was a natural fortification in the form of a tornado collapse. At the southern end, another fortification adjoined the city rampart, consisting of a low rampart and a shallow ditch, separated from the main settlement by a city rampart and ditch. This was the citadel of the city. The circumference of the city itself, judging by the length of the rampart, extended to 9 believes. In this space, with the crowded buildings of Muslim cities, there were up to fifty thousand inhabitants °). Inside the citadel there was a royal palace. It occupied almost the middle of the village and was surrounded by a special shallow ditch and had two entrances - the northern and southern ones, at which there were quadrangular stone towers; At the northern entrance there were two towers, but at the southern entrance there was only one large one. The evil entrance was facing the torod and was considered to be the main one; Here there were two towers and a wide gate. In the north-eastern corner of the palace there was a quadrangle surrounded by a rampart; There were supposedly palace services here. In the city itself, as the ruins show, there were several remarkable buildings. One of the best Bulgarian mosques was located here. Perhaps it was a cathedral royal mosque, as can be assumed from the heights and beauty of the building. The mosque was built of stones with lime, the outside was lined with hewn rather large stones, and the inside was all plastered. She had only one move in the 6 $ east side, and on the opposite side there was a “mihrab” - an indication of the Mokka side. Due to the different shapes of the masonry, the mosque seems to be divided into four tiers, which constituted its originality. Windows with oval or sharp vaults, thin pilasters with long and polyhedral capitals, large stars on the sides of the windows of the third tier, false arches, the transition from a quadrangular building to a round one with a dome - all this is completely consistent with the conditions of Arab architecture, a common feature of Meeopotamian architecture. Around the mosque, so-called “utagi” were attached to it - rooms for “khadame” - mosque servants, and from the s3-
:) Berezin: “Bulgar on the Volg”, p. 82. Khwolzon: “I got rid of Ibn-Dast,” p. 81.
*) Berezin “Bulgar on the Volg”, pp. 82-84,