'Of the leading articles exported during the twelve years, there were in pieces, 3,651,095 staves and clapboards; 30,382,566 sleepers; 49,491,155 posts and flooring. With the exception of 47,769 pieces shipped to Africa, the whole amount was cleared for European ports. England received 587 per cent, of the total exports; Holland, 14*1; Germany, lO'l; France, 86; Belgium, '5; and Portugal, 2*2 per cent. The balance was taken by Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Spain, and Italy. During the year 1882 the average freight charges, per St. Petersburg standard, to French ports were as follows: — Dunkirk, Boulogne, and Dieppe 9 dols. to 9'50 dols.; to Havre, Honefleur, and Rome. 10-50 dols. to 11-50 dols.
' On the whole, the timber and timber trade of Riga for the past several years has made notable progress, and the movement in 1882 was especially favourable. The trade of France with this port, though not nearly so heavy as that with Norway, is yet of no mean importance, as the transactions for 1882 reached the sum of 835,000 dols., and it is susceptible of considerable expansion.'
Further to the east, on the Gulf of Kinland, are the ports of Revel, Narva, and Cronstadt, from all of which there is an export of forest produce, but this is not to any great extent, if at all, derived from Lithuania.
The following memorandum supplied by Mr Quinn, in regard to charges made at the time of his visit (1860), for the transport of wood from ports which have been named, and from Windau and Pillau may be useful for purposes of comparision: —
Cronstadt to London, deals 40s. Od. per std.
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Narva Bay to London, deals and timber, 57s. 6d.,,
to East Coast, deals, 55s. Od.
Narva Bay to Grimsby, deals, 1 52s. 6d. per std.
Or square sleepers, V 17s. 6d. per load.
Or round,,) 19s. 6d.,,
„ to West Hartlepool, square sleepers,) 15s. 6d.,,
Deals, I 47s. 6d. per std.
Option desired of Grimsby) 17s. 6d. per load. Riga Town (Bolderaa) to London, square sleepers or fir timber, 21s. Od.,,
„ to W. Hartlepool or Tyne Dock,) 17s. Od.,,
Or square sleepers, \ 20s. Od.,,
,, (Belderan) to a dockyard in
Thames, timber, [• 21s. Od. „
And masts,) 24s. Od.
,, to Portsmouth, timber, j 23s. Od.,,
Masts f 26s. Od. „
Libau to London, timber, deals, or square sleepers, 19s. Od.,,
Windau to London, Hull, or Grimsby,
timber or square sleepers,... 17s. Od.,,
Memel to London, staves £17 Os. Od. per millo
Or to Grimsby, 15 Os. Od,,,
Or to Liverpool, 18 Os. Od.,,
„,, or East Coast, timber and square sleepers... 17s. Od. per load.
,, Chester, timber,) 20s. Od.,,
Or to Dublin, sq. sleepers... V 20s. Od.,,
Round sleepers,) 22s. Od.
,, Torquay, timber and deals, 18s. 6d.,,
,, English Channel, between Dover and Southampton, 18s. 6d.,,
,, British Channel, timber or
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Or Dantzig to Newport or Cardiff, sq. sleepers or tim.,) 19s. Od. to 23s. Od.,,
Or round sleepers, at f 20s. Od.,,
Pillau to Combwich Pill, sq. sleepers...) 21s. Od.
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Dantzig to London or East Coast, timber or square sleepers, 16s. 6d..,
„ Sunderland or a Coal Port,)
oak timber, } 18s. Od.,,
Or to Hull,) 20s. Od.,,
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Or to Bristol,) 19s. Od.
Or to Truro, timber 19s. Od.,,
PART V.
BALTIC PROVINCES OF RUSSIA.
CHAPTER I. FOREST LANDS.
A POPULAR name by which the Pinus silvestris is more extensively known than it is by the name of Scotch fir, is the Riga pine; but this latter designation is associated with tall straight trunks, such as are fitted for being used as masts and booms, while the former is associated with what, compared with these, seem dwarfed shrub-like trees unsuitable for such applications.
It is from the place of export that it has received that designation. Most of the timber exported thence, as has been mentioned, is brought thither from the provinces of Smolensk and Vitepsk, but some of it is the produce of the Baltic provinces of Russia. These are generally described as being three in number.