CHAPTER I If. — Area, Distribution, Management, and
Produce of Forests,...... 35
Area and Distribution (p. 35); Management (p. 38); Produce (p. 57.)
CHAPTER IV. — Schools of Forestry and Forest Literature, 60 CHAPTER V. — Polish History, 66
PART II.— LITHUANIA.
CHAPTER I. —Lithuania and its People^... 93
CHAPTER IL— Aspect of the Country,... 114
Governments of Grodno (p. 115); Wilna (p. 115); Kovno (p. 117); Vitepsk (p. 119); Moghilev (p. 120); Minsk (p. 122); Volhinia (p. 123); Pogdolia (p. 123.)
CONTENTS. vii
PAQK
CHAPTER III. — Forests of the Dnieper,...126
Preliminary Statement (p. 126); Account by M. Polytaief (p. 129); Summary (p. 129); Government of Smolensk (p. 130);— Government of Orel (p. 136); Transport of Timber (p. 142); Wood Trade (p. 150); Sales from Crown Estates (p. 156);— Wood Trade in the Government of Kursk (p. 165);— Wood Trade in the Government of Ekatherinoslav (p. 171); — Wood Trade in the Government of Kherson (p. 176); General Remarks on the Forests in the Governments of Kherson and Ekatherinoslav (p. ISO);— Wood Trade in the Government of Volhinia (p. 184); — Forests in the Government of Kiev, and their bearing on the Wood Trade (p. 187.)
CHAPTER IV. — Forest Exploitation,.... 191
Forest Districts in Eussia and Exploitation (p. 191); Transports on the Dnieper and Berezina (p. 194); Land Reclamation (p. 199); Lithuanian Woodcraft (p. 200.)
CHAPTER V. — The Jewish Population,.. 201
CHAPTER VI. — Game,..... 215
PART III. -THE UKRAINE OR LITTLE RUSSIA,.. 227
Import of Name (p. 227); Forests (p. 229); Batuiin (p. 229); Kiev (p. 230); Appearance of the Country (p. 233.)
Dantzig (p. 235); Report by Mr Quinn (p. 241); Transport of Dantzig Wheat (p. 242);— Konigsberg (p. 246); Memel (p. 248);— Riga (p. 251); Russian Report (p. 253); French Report (p, 255); Freight Charges (p. 257.)
viii CONTENTS.
PART V. — BALTIC PROVINCES OP RUSSIA.
CHAPTER I. — Forest Lands, 259
General Statement (p. 259); Courland (p. 259); Livonia (p. 261); Estonia (p. 261.)
CHAPTER II. — Forest Administration,... 262
CHAPTER III. — General Appearance of the Country at Different Seasons, 269
AUTHORITIES CITED.
ANDERSON, pp. 99, 200, 215; BOERLING, p. 201; VON BERG, p. 18; BEKTIFF AND KHVOSTOFF, p. 207; BITNEY, pp. 37, 53; BONIFACY, p. 64; CAMPBELL- WALKER, pp. 29, 33; DIXON, p. 227, 230; DTJGLOSSIUS, p. 68; Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, p. 80; DES FONTAINES, pp. 66, 80; Gazetteer, pp. 93, 243; HOVE, p. 53; JOZEF, p, 65; KAUFFMANN, p. 253; KRAUSSE, p. 17; KRYSZTOFF, p. 64; Le Marchand du Bois, p. 255; LEROY-BEAULIEU, p. 206; Letters from the Shores of the Baltic, p. 269; MARNY, pp. 35, 227; MACKENZIE WALLACE, pp. 3, 94, 97; MICHIE, p. 90; NAUMAN, p. 14; NOVIKOFF, p. 206; OSTENSTACKEN, p. 60; Pall Mall Gazette, pp. 212, 213;
PlNKERTON, p. 115, 233; POLENJANSKY, p. 40; POTUJANSKI, p. 64;
POLYTAIEF, pp. 129-190; Q.UINN, pp. 235, 241, 246, 248, 257; Russian Government Reports, pp. 36, 60, 115, 116, 119, 120, 123, 191, 229, 261, 262, 264, 266; Timber Trades Journal, p. 194; VIDOMOSTI, p. 199; WTAGA, p. 64.
N POLAND, LITHUANIA,
AND THE
BALTIC PROVINCES OF RUSSIA.
IN the Empire of Russia may be studied many of the phases of forest economy.
In a volume entitled Introduction to the Study of Modern Forest Economy, and in a companion volume entitled Finland: its Forests and Forest Management, is embodied information in regard to what is there called Svedjande, known in French forest science as Sartage, and in some parts of India as Koomaree.
In another companion volume, entitled Forest Lands and Forestry of Northern Russia, is embodied information in regard to exploitation according to what is known in France as Jardinage,
In a third volume, entitled Forestry in the Mining Districts of the Ural Mountains in Eastern Russia, information is supplied in regard to what is known as Furetage, and in regard to what is known as exploitation according to La Methode a Tire et Aire, carried on with malversations and abuses, such as in the middle of the seventeenth century called forth a famous and oft-cited warning from Colbert, ' La France perira en faute des bois! '
And in a volume entitled French Forest Ordinance of 1669; with Historical Sketch of Previous Treatment of Forests in France, is supplied information in regard to stringent measures adopted in France to suppress such malversations and abuses,