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LIBRARY
GIKT OR
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POLAND, LITHUANIA,
THE UKRAINE,
AND
THE BALTIC PROVINCES OF RUSSIA,
WITH NOTICES OF THE EXPORT OF TIMBER FROM MEMEL, DANTZIG, AND RIGA.
COMPILED BY
JOHN CROUMBIE BROWN, LL.D., &c.
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UNIVERSITY
EDINBURGH:
OLIVER AND BOYD, TWEEDDALE COURT
LONDON: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.,
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MONTREAL: DAWSON BROTHERS.
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ADVERTISEMENT.
IN the Spring of 1877 I published a Brochure entitled The Schools of Forestry in Europe: a Plea for the Creation of a School of Forestry in connection with the Arboretum in Edinburgh, in which, with details of the arrangements made for instruction in Forest Science in Schools of Forestry in Prussia, Saxony, Hanover, Hesse, Darmstadt, Wurtemburg, Bavaria, Austria, Poland, Russia, Finland, Sweden, France, Italy, and Spain, and details of arrangements existing in Edinburgh for instruction in most of the subjects included amongst preliminary studies, I submitted for consideration the opinion 'that with the acquisition of this Arboretum, and with the existing arrangements for study in the University of Edinburgh, and in the Watt Institution and School of Arts, there are required only facilities for the study of what is known on the Continent as Forest Science to enable these Institutions conjointly, or any one of them, with the help of the others, to take a place amongst the most completely equipped Schools of Forestry in Europe, and to undertake the training of foresters for the discharge of such duties as are now required of them in India, in our Colonies, and at home.'
iv ADVERTISEMENT.
At a meeting held on the 28th March 1883, presided over by the Marquis of Lothian, it was resolved ' that it is expedient in the interests of Forestry, and to promote a movement for the establishment of a National School of Forestry in Scotland, as well as with the view of furthering and stimulating a greater improvement in the scientific management of woods in Scotland and the sister countries, which had manifested itself during recent years, that there should be held in Edinburgh, during 1884, arid at such season of the year as may be arranged, an International Exhibition of Forest Products and other objects of interest connected with Forestry.'
At a large and influential meeting held within the Forestry Exhibition on the 8th of October 1884, it was resolved to establish in Edinburgh a National School of Forestry and a Museum connected therewith, and a Committee was appointed to carry out the resolution.
In a note appended to a circular issued by this Committee it was stated: — 'The Committee feel a difficulty in suggesting a definite scheme for the proposed School of Forestry, until they have some knowledge of the amount of funds which may be placed at their disposal; but, in the meantime, it may be sufficient to state that they contemplate the establishment of a Professorship of Forest Science, for the instruction of students in all that pertains both to Practical and Scientific
ADVERTISEMENT. V
Forestry — including the physiology and pathology of trees. the climatic and other effects produced by forests, the different methods of forest management, the economic uses to which forest products have been or may be applied, forest engineering, and forest administration generally. Instruction to be communicated by lectures, examinations, excursions, &c.
' A large collection of forest implements, produce, and specimens, was, at the close of the Forestry Exhibition, placed at the disposal of the Committee for use in connection with the proposed Forest School; and it is the intention of the Committee, should their funds permit, that that this collection should, with such additions as may from time to time be available, be placed in a permanent Museum in connection with the School of Forestry.'
In furtherance of the same object the following volume has been compiled for publication.
JOHN C. BROWN.
HADDINGTON, 15th May, 1885.
CONTENTS.
PART I.— POLAND.
INTRODUCTION, 1
CHAPTER I. — St. Petersburg to Poland,... 12
CHAPTER II. — Forest Exploitation,.... 17
Ancient Laws (p. 17); Introduction of Modern Methods by Baron von Berg in 1858 (p. 18); Exposition of Method adopted, here known as the Scientific Method, in Germany as Die Fachworke Method, in France as La Methode des Compartiments (p. 19); Illustrations of this by Col. Campbell- Walker (p. 29.)