General Simpson was destitute of those acquirements and personal characteristics which in Lord Raglan compensated for a certain apathy and marble calmness. He was a veteran who had seen a year's service in the Peninsula in 1812-13, and in the campaign of 1815, and who thirty years afterwards held the post of Quartermaster-General to Sir C. Napier, in his Indian war of 1845. Lord Raglan had, at all events, by the dignity of his personal character, secured a position for the troops he commanded to which they were not numerically entitled; but no one can say by what sacrifices that position was maintained till the battle of Inkerman forced us to abandon it. It was believed at the time, and it is now notorious, that General Simpson opposed his own appointment, and bore testimony to his own incapacity; but the Governsnent — or Lord Hardinge and Lord Pannmre — insisted, and General Simpson became Commander-in-Chief of the British Army. Writing at the time respecting our future General I said: — " Rumours prevail that a new Commander-in-Chief is to come " out from England. Whether this be true I have not yet " learnt, but it is to be hoped that the Peninsula and Waterloo, at " twenty-three or twenty-four years of age, will not be the only " qualification. It seems to all here that the best school for Sebas- " topol is Sebastopol itself, and that a man who has been six months " in the Crimea is more likely to be an efficient general than any " one who may be sent out in reliance upon vague reminiscences of " campaigns in the field forty years ago. It takes some little time " to gain an acquaintance even with the ground, and as autumn is " drawing on there is no need for delay. The only reason that can " be conceived for sending out a general from England is that some "man of European reputation may be appointed, who may give a il status to the British army beyond what its present numbers are " calculated to obtain for it in the eyes of the world. There is no " doubt that Lord Raglan did this. His rank, his high character, his " manners, his superiority to petty jealousies, and his abstinence from " petty intrigues, commanded the respect of even those who were " disposed to question his capacity and energy. If this war be pro- " secuted for any length of time, and England is not prepared to " embark more fully in the struggle with men as well as money, there " is some danger that the British Army will be looked upon as a " mere contingent. A general of established reputation may add 11 a lustre to the British name, but, after all, the best reliance is " upon skill and energy, and there are many men at present before " Sebastopol upon whom the command might devolve with satisfaction to the *army, and with a reasonable hope of a creditable " performance of the duties of the post."
On the 21st of July, General Simpson published the following order: —
" General Simpson announces to the army that he has had the honour to receive from her Majesty the Queen the appointment of Commander-in-Chief of the Army in the Crimea.
" The Lieutenant- General, though deeply impressed with the responsibility of the position in which he is placed, is most proud of the high and distinguished honour, and of the confidence thus reposed in him by his Sovereign.
" It will be the Lieutenant-General's duty to endeavour to follow in the steps of his great predecessor, and he feels confident of the support of the generals, and of the officers and soldiers, in maintaining unimpaired the honour and discipline of this noble army.
(Signed) "James Simpson,
" Lieutenant- General Commanding."
The personal Staff of his Excellency consisted of Captain Colville, Rifle Brigade; Captain Lindsay, Scots Fusileer Guards;
CRIMEA.
Majoi Dowbiggen, 4th Foot (appointed by electric telegraph). Lieut.- Colonel Stephenson was appointed Military Secretary, although Colonel Steele remained at head-quarters; and Colonel Pakenham was confirmed as Adjutant- General, at the request of Lord Raglan, in the last despatch he ever penned.
On the 21st, Captain Lushington, who had been promoted to the rank of Admiral, was relieved in the command of the Naval Brigade by Captain the Hon. H. Keppel. Commissary- General Wilder, at the same date, returned home on the recommendation of a Medical Board.
BOOK VII.
BFFORTS TO RAISE THE SIEGE — BATTLE OF THE TCHERNATA — THE SECOND ASSAULT — CAPTURE OF THE MALAKOFF — RETREAT OF THE RUSSIANS TO THE NORTH SIDE.