A. The following summary of the geology of the allied position is from a Report published by Dr. Sutherland, the Government Commissioner, to the seat of war: it- geological series, from above downwards, includes the following formations:!. The newer tertiary, or steppe limestone. 2. Vok;inu dotes and ashes. 8. The older tertiary. 4. Nummulitic limestone. 5. Ik and greensand. 6. Neocomien. 7. Jurassic limestone. & Conglomerates. 9. Schists. 10. Erupted volcanic rocks. The newer tertiary limestone forms the superficial stratification of tlu plateau before Sebastopol, and also the higher levels of the country to the north and north-east of Sebastopol harbour. The siege works were principally excavated in it. This limestone affords good rubble building stone, and also an inferior road material 2.
Immediately under the upper tertiary beds at San Georgeo is a bed of volcanic take* containing shells, which can be traced from the great r of San Georgeo along the tea-coast to Cape Chersonese, and thence round the inlets of Sebastopol harbour to Karabelnaia. 8. Older tertiary bedt underlie the volcanic ashes in the cliffs of San Georgeo. They come to the surface at Karabelnaia, and form the Heights of Inkennan, as also the hills bounding the north side of Sebastopol harbour. rht nwnmnlitic Kmettone forms the hill-slopes and cliffs of Inkennan, in the ravines of which it has been extensively quarried for building stone. The hill-slopes above the quarries are covered with loose nnmmulites. The formation again appears hi the hills at the head of Sebastopol harbour, extending from thence to the north-east of the line of Mackenzie's Heights.
WA1I. 5. The white chalk begins, on the west, at the ruins of Inkerman, wlu-iv it is mixed with green particles and upper greensand fossils. It forms tinline of cliffs and talus of Mackenzie's Heights: also the bed of the lowi-r valley of the Tchernaia, and occupies the area between the slopes of l\l;u kenzie's Heights and the ridge which separates that valley from the basin of Balaklava. It extends eastward along the base of the heights, and fills up the space between them and the Jurassic limestone group east of Tchorgoun. rising into round-backed lofty hills. It forms also the line of hills south of the Tchernaia, known as " Fedoukine Heights." 6. Neocomien beds appear under the chalk near Tchorgoun, and extend along the western side of Schula valley towards Aitodar.
7. Jurassic limestone appears on the west, in the great cliff at the ravine of San Georgeo. It forms the sea-coast cliffs and mountain chains to the eastward, and also the mountain groups between the valley of Tchorgoun and the Baidar and Varnoutka basins. The rock is much altered, dislocated, stratified, hard and compact, often fissured, and the fissures filled with indurated red clay. Not unfrequently it caps the conglomerate. 8. Conglomerates of different degrees of fineness occur from the ravine of San Georgeo to Baidar valley. Fine grained beds of conglomerate, apparently altered by heat, underlie the Jurassic cliff at San Georgeo. Immediately to the north-east of the cliff the formation reappears, and forms part of a chain of hills closing the upper end of the valley of Karani.
The hill on the south side of the entrance to the valley above the bazaar at Kadikoi also consists of the same formation. Marine Heights and the hills to the east are wholly or partially formed of conglomerate, as are also the southern and western slopes of the Varnoutka basin. Part of the mass of Cape Aia consists of the same rock. 9. Schists, apparently belonging to the Lias, underlie the conglomerate beds in the ravine of San Georgeo. They reappear on the south and eastern sides of the basin of Balaklava, under the Col, and in the ridge separating Balaklava basin from the valley of the Tchernaia. They are found in large masses in the valleys to the east of Kamara, from whence they extend southwards to the sea-shore.
They occur in the basins of Varnoutka arid Baidar, and in the undercliff below Laspi. 10. Erupted volcanic rocks form the vast picturesque masses of Cape San Georgeo. They underlie the upper and lower tertiaries there, and they protrude themselves at intervals among th.3 Jurassic limestones and schists along the south coast of the Crimea to the eastward." NDIX. APPl A-TO kept irregularly by vari:i Halaklava. but was no regular series except those kept at the Castle hospital by Drs. Jephson and Matthew. The instruments made use of were an aneroid barometer, a maximum and minimum thermometer, a wet and dry bulb T.I, a sun thermometer, and an air thermomet <>n th' north side of one of tho t alive the sea, and overhanging it.
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