Page 199. (e). — Ufia; a town of that name exists near White-haven, in Cumberland, in a very bleak and deserted neighbourhood, the most isolated perhaps in England; where the communication, on account of the extended moors, steep hills, deep ravines, bad roads, and snow storms, in winter especially, is difficult. The surrounding scenery of Uffa is grand, romantic, and beautiful. Not unfrequently eagles are to be seen on the top of Blackcombe.
CHAPTER XII.— DESCRIPTION OF THE UKRAINE. Page 226. (a). — The word Russian must be distinguished from Muscovite; the epithet here does not apply to any part of Muscovy or Russia, simply so called. Black Russia, White Russia, and Red Russia, belonged, from time immemorial, to the kingdom of Poland. The country round Vitebek Polotzk and Mohilev, on the banks of the Dnieper, of the higher banks of Dzvina, at the present time incorporated, in a great measure, with the governments of Minsk, was called, and is still called White Russsia, Biala Rus\ on account of the numerous white hares that are met with therein, as also on account of the dresses of the same colour worn by the peasants. It is one of the poorest countries in Europe. The country between the Dnieper and the Prypetz, forming the ancient circle of Novogrodek, at the pre- sent time incorporated with the government of Grodno, was formerly, and is still denominated Black Russia, Czama Rus\ The southern part of the ancient palatinate of Lublin, the country round Chelm, a portion of Volhynia, and, above all, the circle of Lutzk, the country round Przeraysl and Halicz, were formerly called Red Russia, Czervona Bus\ White and Black Russia, at the dismemberment of Poland, came under the power of the Russians. With respect to Red Russia, the soil of which is extremely fertile, and which was very extensive, tlds was not assigned to Russia; it was only the extreme north of this province that was annexed to the Government of Volhynia. The territory, in the environs of Lublin and Chelm, belonged lately to the kingdom of Poland, which was suppressed after the war in 1831. All the rest was placed under the dominion of Austria, together with the capital of Red Russia Leopol, in Polish Lvov; in German Lemberg, now the capital of GaUicia, that is, of all the Austrian portion of Poland. This town was not only the ancient capital of Red Russia, but of all the Russic territories. These Russic territories (we venture upon the use of this epithet for the sake of distinction) comprehended nearly a third part of the kingdom, embracing the whole extent of the south of Poland, that is, of the Ukraine, Podolia, Volhynia, and Red Russia. This latter was ruled, in the thirteenth century, by a king, the only Russic king, Daniel, who invaded the country at the head of a Batar force, which committed dreadful devastation. Casimir the Great, Kazimierz Wielki, in the year 1346, incorporated Red Russia with Poland, and divided it into palatinates; it formed a part of Poland for the space of 449 years, that is, till the final dismemberment of the country. An individual dared to write in the " Britisli and Foreign Review," especially devoted to the Polish cause, that the provinces in question ought to belong to Russia; this singular assertion can in no wise alter the truth, based as it is on historical facts, and absolutely incontrovertible. Peter the Great was the first who took the title of Emperor of all the Russias. This title is rather politic and imaginary than real, inasmuch as the last king of Poland, Stanislaus Poniatowski — that effeminate puppet, better calculated to figure in a tavern, than on the throne of a great nation — that vile tool of the Russian cabinet, who signed the dismemberment of his own kingdom, and quietly allowed the senators of the diet of Grodno to be carried away by force, an act of complaisance which, after his abdication, appeared to have gained for him a prompt passport into the other world — bore the title of King of Poland, Grand V Duke of Lithuania, Grand Russic Duke. It is to be regretted that there is no difference in English, as in Polish and French, between Ruski a,nd Bussyiki, Russien and i?Msse, Rus and Rosya, Rmsie and terres Russiennes, by which many historical errors would have been avoided. We have presumed to use the epithet Russic to mark a distinction so imperatively necessary; since the denomination of the word Rus, the Poles understand and consider Red Russia, Volhynia, Podolia, and the Ukraine, on the right bank of the Dnieper, all the Russic territories belonged to Little Poland, Malo Polska the most extended province of ancient Poland.