Page 56. (t). — It is a singular fact, that a real democracy does not exist anywhere but among the Cossacks. How then the democratic element can harmonize with the Russian government and the Russian aristocracy, the very heart of despotism, and the most decided element of oppression and tyranny, it is difficult to account. These two contrary elements, which have already had some collision, cannot ultimately harmonize, and must sooner or later fight to the death.
CHAPTER II.— REBELLION OF STENKO RAZIN.
Page 65. (a). — A young Circassian, Prince Pereghorski, previously taken prisoner by Stenko Razin, was obliged, by the orders of the latter, to assume the character of the czarewicz, in the bark covered with red velvet; in that covered with black velvet, another young man represented Nickon, the disgraced patriarch. The above named Prince Pereghorski was pardoned and kindly treated by the Czar Alexy, as it was undoubtedly proved that the former was compelled to do so under the fear of a violent death. See relation of the Rebellion of Stenko Razin.
Page 69. (6).— To this time, this name, the Suburb of Hell, still exists, according to the author of the relation of the Rebellion of CHAPTER m.-THE ZAPOROGUES.
Page 74. (a). — Suppressed.
Page 77. List of the Attamans Koshovy of the Polish Ukrainian Cossacks, nominated by the kings of Poland, or approved by them, till the defection of Khmielnitski: — 1, Pzeclaw Lanckoronski (pronounced Fshetzlaf Landskorongski), called also Pazetzlav Lantski Bronski, first chief attaman of the Polish Cossacks, nominated in 1506 by Sigismund I.; 2, Ostaphy Daszkiewicz (pronounced Dashkievitch); 3, Rozynski (pronounced Rojinski); 4, Wezyk Chelmicki (pronounced Van jick Khelmitski); 5, Twerkoski (pronounced Tferkoski); 6, Bohdanko Rozynski (Rojinski); 7, Podhowa {Podkovd) means in Polish a horse shoe; 8, Szah (Sshagk); 9, Skalozup (Skalozoop); 10, Kosemski (Kosamski); 11, Nalevayko (JValavaiko); 12, Piotr Konasewicz Sahaydaczny (Peter Konasavitch Saghaydatchny); 13, Yaras (Yaras); 14, Saavkanof-Perewieska (Savakanof-Paraviaska); 15, Pawluk (Pavlook; 16, Ostranica {Ostranitza) \ 17, Poltora-Kozuch (JPooltora-Kojoogh); 18, Buluk {Boolook); 19, Sineroy Bohdan Chmielnicki (Sinavoi Boghdan Khmielnitski). Among the aboTe-mentioned Polish Cossack chiefs, or attamans, Ostafy Daszkiewicz, Twerkowski, Boghdanko Rozynski, Shah, Nalevayko, Sahaydaczny, and Khmielnitski, were the most celebrated. After the defection of Khmielnitzki to Russia, in 1654, the Cossack chiefs in Russia were, and are to this time designated under the title of Hetmans, a title borrowed from Poland, corresponding in meaning to the general-in-chief, and which lasted in Poland till the partition of the latter country.
After the defection of Khmielnitzki, as there were continual wars between Russia and Poland respecting the Cossacks, and as the Zaporogues formed a distinct community, though there were more attamans Koshovy nominated by the kings of Poland, yet as the Cossacks of the Ukraine alternately acknowledged the supremacy of Poland, Russia, and Turkey, it is extremely difficult to trace the regular succession of their attamans.
Page So. {h). — Suppressed.
Page 82. (c). — Colonel Lagowski, who spent part of his life in the Ukraine, and was a living dictionary of the Russic lands, mentioned, with many other persons, that the Zaporogues, leading several years a wild life on the islands of the Dnieper, acquired sometimes, if young, a secret love charm for the ladies, which, if once known by them, increased their attachment to a sort of phrenzy for those who possessed it. The colonel alluded to, who gave himself the trouble of describing this charm, says, that it was often transmitted from the father to the son; that the use of the waters of the Dnieper near the cataracts, and the river Boh, especially at the time when a kind of red flower is blooming on the Steppes, — a flower whose aromatic scent has been known to invigorate the human frame, — produced occasionally such a charm. Be this as it may, I have heard several times of that charm, and a gentleman well-known in Volhynia and the Ukraine, of the name of Iwanicki (pronounced Ivanitski), probably still alive, has been known to possess undoubtedly such a charm.
Page 85. (</).— Some authors assert that the Lissowczyki, a kind of light cavalry, which jierformed extraordinary feats of valour abroad and in Poland, during the reign of Sigismnnd III., were recruited among the Zaporogues: they were almost all killed on the field of battle.
CHAPTER IV.— MAZEPPA.
Page 92. (a). — Not all things in Mazeppa's early life are explained. We never could find any authentic information on Mazeppa's revenge, which is mentioned in Byron's work.
CHAPTER v.— ZELEZNIAK.